JAVA學習-多執行緒
多執行緒
Thread
- 自定義執行緒類繼承Thread類
- 重寫run()方法,編寫執行緒執行體
- 建立執行緒物件,呼叫start()方法啟動執行緒
注意:如果呼叫run()方法,則只有主執行緒一條執行路徑,但呼叫start()方法,則多條執行路徑,主執行緒和子執行緒並行交替執行
package com.myThread.demo01; public class Demo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { MyThread myThread = new MyThread(); myThread.start(); for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { System.out.println("我是主執行緒--"+i); } } } /////////////////////////// package com.myThread.demo01; public class MyThread extends Thread { @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) { System.out.println("我是子執行緒--"+i); } } }
**執行緒的執行由CPU決定 **
網路圖片下載
需要用到commons io包 百度下載二進位制檔案 然後複製貼上到idea新建一個lib包裡即可
package com.myThread.demo02; import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URL; public class Demo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { MyThread myThread1 = new MyThread("https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1755845/202202/1755845-20220206182923194-2117509516.png","4.jpg"); MyThread myThread2 = new MyThread("https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1755845/202203/1755845-20220303112203654-338817152.png","5.jpg"); MyThread myThread3 = new MyThread("https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/1755845/202202/1755845-20220223223043340-1183125272.png","6.jpg"); myThread1.start(); myThread2.start(); myThread3.start(); } } //子執行緒寫下載,實現多執行緒下載資源 class MyThread extends Thread{ private String myUrl = null; private String myname = null; public MyThread(String url,String name) { this.myname = name; this.myUrl = url; } @Override public void run() { WebDownload webDownload = new WebDownload(); webDownload.download(myUrl,myname); System.out.println("下載好了"+myname); } } //下載器 class WebDownload{ public void download(String url,String name){ try { FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name)); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("下載器方法出現異常!"); } finally { } } }
再次證明了執行緒是由CUP分配的,人為無法干預
Runnable介面
建立執行緒方式2:實現runnable介面,重寫run方法,執行執行緒需要丟入物件
package com.myThread.demo03; public class MyRunnable implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { System.out.println("我在看書--"+i); } } } //////////////////////// package com.myThread.demo03; public class Demo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { new Thread(new MyRunnable()).start();//這裡new一個Thread 然後把實現runnable介面的物件丟進去 for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) { System.out.println("我在玩手機--"+i); } } }
最好使用runnable介面實現多執行緒,避免單繼承侷限性,靈活方便,方便同一個物件被多個執行緒使用
初識併發問題
package com.myThread.demo04;
public class MyTicket implements Runnable{
private int ticketNums = 1;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
if (ticketNums>=20){
break;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(200);//模擬延時
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
//Thread.currentThread().getName() 可以拿到當前執行緒的名字 這裡三執行緒同用一個物件
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--搶到了第"+ticketNums+++"張票!");
}
}
}
////////////////////
package com.myThread.demo04;
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyTicket ticket = new MyTicket();//物件new一個就行了
//三執行緒同用一個物件
new Thread(ticket,"張三").start();
new Thread(ticket,"李四").start();
new Thread(ticket,"王五").start();
}
}
執行結果:
李四和王五都搶到了第二張票,說明執行緒不安全,出現了資料紊亂。這就是執行緒併發出現的問題。
龜兔賽跑
要求跑道100,兔子烏龜一起跑,但兔子要睡覺,烏龜取得勝利
package com.myThread.demo05;
public class Race implements Runnable{
private int steps = 1;
private static String winner;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子") && steps%10 == 0){
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
}
if (theWinner(steps)){//小細節,判斷要放在兔子休眠後,可以避免兔子在接受比賽後又多跑一步
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--已經跑了"+steps+++"步");
}
}
public boolean theWinner(int steps){
if (winner != null){
return true;//這句話必須寫,要不然兔子或烏龜一個跑完了另一個執行緒不會停止!!
}
else if (steps>=100 && winner == null){
winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println(winner+"獲得了勝利!");
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
////////////////////////////
package com.myThread.demo05;
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Race race = new Race();
new Thread(race,"烏龜").start();
new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
}
}
Callable介面
不是很明白,以後再來!
靜態代理
真實物件與代理物件實現同一個介面,代理物件要代理真實物件。真實物件通過構造器傳給代理物件,代理物件就可以不僅完成真實物件的方法,還可以做很多真實物件沒有做的事情,真實物件只需要專注自己的事情。
Lambda表示式
Lambda可以簡化程式碼,但注意:
- 介面必須是函式式介面,也就是介面只能存在一種帶實現的方法
- 方法內程式碼如果只有一行,可以簡化不寫花括號,如果有多行,必須使用程式碼塊包裹,也就是花括號
- 介面待實現方法含參,可以去掉引數型別,多個引數也能去掉引數型別,要去掉就都去掉,必須加上括號(引數只有一個,括號也能去掉)
- 格式為 介面 名字 = (引數) -> {程式碼};
package com.myThread.demo06;
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Marry marry = null;
marry = ()-> System.out.println("lalla");
marry.makeMarry();
}
}
interface Marry{
void makeMarry();
}
執行緒停止
執行緒停止,自己在while迴圈裡用一個flag標誌位來控制
.sleep
執行緒休眠
利用休眠做一個定時器,每一秒重新整理一次時間
package com.myThread.demo07;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Runnable runnable = null;
runnable = ()->{
while (true){
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();//獲取時間
DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("HH:mm:ss");//調整格式
System.out.println(dateTimeFormatter.format(localDateTime));//按照格式輸出時間
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
}
};
new Thread(runnable).start();
}
}
.yield
執行緒禮讓
- 禮讓執行緒,讓當前正在執行的執行緒暫停,但不阻塞
- 將執行緒從執行狀態轉為就緒狀態
- 讓cpu重新排程,禮讓不一定成功!看cpu心情
.join
合併執行緒,待此執行緒執行完成後,再執行其他執行緒,其他執行緒阻塞
可以理解為插隊
package com.myThread.demo08;
public class Demo08 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("我是vip--"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Demo08 demo08 = new Demo08();
Thread thread = new Thread(demo08);
thread.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
System.out.println("我是主執行緒--"+i);
if (i == 1000){
try {
thread.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
}
}
}
}
由上,讓執行緒插隊,等主執行緒1000時插隊,但主執行緒沒到1000時也會跑,完全聽從cpu排程,但一旦主執行緒到達1000就強行插隊,知道執行緒跑完再開始主執行緒
觀測執行緒
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);
執行緒優先順序
**set priority() get priority() **
守護執行緒
set daemon()
守護執行緒會隨著使用者執行緒結束,虛擬機器停止就停止了。虛擬機器不會等待守護執行緒的執行。
package com.myThread.demo09;
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
You you = new You();
God god = new God();
new Thread(you).start();
Thread thread = new Thread(god);
thread.setDaemon(true);
thread.start();
}
}
class You implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i < 36500; i++) {
System.out.println("活著的第--"+i+"天");
}
System.out.println("=====goodbye,world!=====");
}
}
class God implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
System.out.println("老天爺看著你");
}
}
}
上面的god執行緒雖然用了while(true)迴圈,但程式也會隨著使用者執行緒的停止然後虛擬機器的停止而停止。(虛擬機器的停止需要一小點時間)
不安全問題
銀行取錢的不安全問題,程式碼稍微有點不理想,將就吧,也確實出現了執行緒不安全
package com.unsafeDemo.demo01;
//銀行取錢執行緒不安全
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account(100,"全部家當");
Bank bank = new Bank(account,50,"小明");
Bank bank1 = new Bank(account,70,"小紅");
new Thread(bank).start();
new Thread(bank1).start();
}
}
class Account {
int money;
String name;
public Account(int money, String name){
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
class Bank implements Runnable{
Account account ;
private int drawingMoney;
private String name;
public Bank(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name){
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
this.account = account;
this.name = name;
}
public void drawingMoney(){
account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
System.out.println(this.name+"取了"+drawingMoney);
System.out.println("餘額為"+account.money);
}
@Override
public void run() {
if (drawingMoney > account.money){
System.out.println("沒錢了,取雞毛");
return;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(100);//利用延遲放大問題
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
drawingMoney();
}
}
同步塊
synchronized (Obj){}
Obj可以是任何物件,要填入需要被鎖的物件,也就是有變化的物件,然後再將變化過程的程式碼放在這個同步塊裡面。
Lock
可顯示話的鎖,一般使用ReentrantLock類(可重入鎖)
先複習不加鎖:
package com.unsafeDemo.demo02;
public class Demo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicks ticks = new BuyTicks();
Thread t1 = new Thread(ticks,"我");
Thread t2 = new Thread(ticks,"你");
Thread t3 = new Thread(ticks,"他");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
class BuyTicks implements Runnable{
private int ticks = 10;
boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
while(flag) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (ticks > 0) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "搶到了第" + ticks-- + "票");
}else {
flag = false;
}
}
}
}
加鎖程式碼:
package com.unsafeDemo.demo02;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Demo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicks ticks = new BuyTicks();
Thread t1 = new Thread(ticks,"我");
Thread t2 = new Thread(ticks,"你");
Thread t3 = new Thread(ticks,"他");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
class BuyTicks implements Runnable{
private int ticks = 10;
boolean flag = true;
private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lock.lock();
while(flag) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (ticks > 0) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "搶到了第" + ticks-- + "票");
}else {
flag = false;
}
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
注意,new ReentrantLock的時候給他加修飾符private final,不懂,但是照葫蘆畫瓢,然後就是加鎖和解鎖,放在catch-finally裡面,不懂,繼續照葫蘆畫瓢。
生產者消費者
wait() notifyAll() 是隻能寫在synchronized裡面的
package com.myPC.demo03;
public class Demo03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyContainer myContainer = new MyContainer();
new Productor(myContainer).start();
new Consumer(myContainer).start();
}
}
class Productor extends Thread{
MyContainer myContainer;
public Productor(MyContainer myContainer) {
this.myContainer = myContainer;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
myContainer.push(new Chicken(i));
System.out.println("生產了第"+i+"只雞");
}
}
}
class Consumer extends Thread{
MyContainer myContainer;
public Consumer(MyContainer myContainer) {
this.myContainer = myContainer;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("消費了第"+myContainer.del().id+"只雞");
}
}
}
class Chicken{
int id;
public Chicken(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
class MyContainer{
Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
int count = 0;
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
while (count >= chickens.length){
try {
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
chickens[count] = chicken;
count++;
notifyAll();//喚醒所有執行緒,包括沒有雞時停止的消費執行緒
}
public synchronized Chicken del(){
if (count <= 0){
try {
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
count--;
Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
notifyAll();//喚醒所有執行緒,包括雞滿了停止的生產執行緒
return chicken;
}
}
關於wait() 與 notifyAll() 的思考
package com.myPC.demo04;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Demo04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
abc abc = new abc();
new Thread(abc,"a").start();
new Thread(abc,"b").start();
}
}
class abc implements Runnable{
int count = 1;
@Override
public synchronized void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 19; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
while (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("a") && count%5==0 ){
try {
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("a被喚醒!");
}
while (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("b") && count%4==0 ){
try {
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("b被喚醒!");
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--得到了"+count);
count++;
notifyAll();
}
}
}
這段程式碼,就是讓ab去獲取數字,一開始,a被cpu指派去獲取,但到a走進while迴圈裡面碰見wait的時候,a停了,這個時候,cpu會直接讓b接進來繼續獲取數字,並且通過notifyAll把a喚醒,a會不會獲取數字看cpu排程,但是一旦b走進while迴圈碰見wait,則會讓a繼續從a停止的wait那裡開始往下走。只要a從休眠狀態被喚醒再被cpu排程,都是繼續從wait那裡開始執行。
訊號燈法
利用一個flag標誌位來解決生產者消費者的問題
執行緒池
ExecutorService:真正的執行緒池介面。常見子類ThreadPoolExecutor
Executors:工具類,執行緒池的工廠類,用於建立並返回不同型別的執行緒池
package com.myPC.demo05;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class Demo05 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//建立一個執行緒池服務
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);//引數的意義是執行緒池的大小
//執行
service.execute(new MyPool());
service.execute(new MyPool());
service.execute(new MyPool());
//關閉執行緒池
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyPool implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
這裡與Callable有點相似,這是屬於Runnable介面的執行緒池