1. 程式人生 > 資訊 >默哀,指揮部確認東航 MU5735 航班上人員已全部遇難

默哀,指揮部確認東航 MU5735 航班上人員已全部遇難

建立執行緒

1 Thread

//繼承Thread類,重寫run()方法,!!!!使用start開啟執行緒
//執行緒呼叫後不會馬上啟用,由CPU決定
public class Myrun extends Thread()
{
    public void run()
    {
        System.out.println("111");
    }
}
	public static void main (String[] args)
    {
        Myrun my = new Myrun();
        my.start();//啟用執行緒
        //my.run();是呼叫方法,不是啟用的執行緒,不會有多個執行緒同時執行
    }

2 runnable

//實現Runnable介面,重寫run()方法,

public class Myrun implements Runnable()
{
    public void run()
    {
        System.out.println("111");
    }
}
	public static void main (String[] args)
    {
        Myrun my = new Myrun();
        Thread thread = new thread(my);
      	thread.start();
    }

多個執行緒操作同一個物件(併發)

public class Trainticket implements Runnable {
    private int ticketnums = 10;

    public void run() {
        while (ticketnums > 0) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--> get " + ticketnums);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            ticketnums--;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Trainticket ticket = new Trainticket();
        new Thread(ticket, "1").start();//1是執行緒的名字
        new Thread(ticket, "2").start();
    }
}

  • 但是多個執行緒操作同一個物件可能導致資料紊亂,例如“1” “2”拿到相同序號的票,執行緒不安全。

Lamda 表示式

  • 函式式介面:任何介面,如果只包含一種抽象方法,那麼它就是一個函式式介面。而對於函式式介面,可以通通過lambda表示式來建立該介面。

    public class Ilike
    {
       Like like = (/*如果有引數就填寫引數*/)->{System.out.println("1111");};
        //like = 引數->{System.out.println("1111");}; 
        //like = 引數->System.out.println("1111");多行程式碼不可簡化掉{},且多個引數時()不可省略
    }
    like.lambda;
    interface Like
    {
        void lambda();
    }
    

多執行緒的操作

停止

  • 推薦執行緒自己停下,使用標誌位flag,當flag為flase時停止
public class Myrun extends Thread()
{
    private Boolean flag = true; 
    public void run()
    {
        int i;
        while(flag){
        System.out.println("myrun"+i);
        }
    }
    public void stop()
    {
        this.flag = false;
    }
}
	public static void main (String[] args)
    {
       Myrun my = new Myrun();
       Thread(my).start();
       int i;
       for(i=0;i<1000;i++)
       {
           if(i == 900)
           {
               my.stop;
               System.out.println("stop");
			}
           System.out.println(i);
       }
    }

休眠

  • 休眠的單位是毫秒
  • 每個物件都有一個鎖,sleep不會釋放鎖

禮讓

  • 禮讓執行緒,讓當前正在執行的執行緒暫停,但不阻塞。

  • 讓cpu重新排程,但是禮讓不一定成功

  • 將執行緒從執行狀態轉為就緒狀態

    class myrun implements Runnable
    {
        public void run()
        {
            System.out.println(/*Threadname+*/"start");
            Thread.yield();
            System.out.println(/*Threadname+*/"end");
        }
    }
    

Join

  • Join合併執行緒,待此執行緒執行完成之後,再執行其他執行緒,其他執行緒阻塞(插隊執行
  • thread.join
public class Join implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
            System.out.println("VIP:"+i);
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Join j = new Join();
        Thread thread = new Thread(j);
        thread.start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            if(i == 500)
                thread.join();
            System.out.println("main:"+i);
        }
    }
}



檢視狀態

  • thread.state

    public class State{
    
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
            Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);//因為有休眠所以存在WAITING
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(i);
                }
            });
            Thread.State state = thread.getState();
            System.out.println(state);//  NEW
            thread.start();
            state=thread.getState();
            System.out.println(state);//Run
            while (state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED)
            {
                Thread.sleep(100);
                state = thread.getState();
                System.out.println(state);
            }
        }
    }
    
    
  • 執行緒的狀態

    • NEW: 尚未啟動的狀態
    • RUNNABLE 執行的執行緒
    • BLOCKED 被阻塞等待監視器鎖定
    • WAITING 等待另外一個執行緒執行特定動作
    • TIMED_WAITING 等待另外一個執行緒執行動作達到指定等待時間
    • TERMINATED 已經退出的執行緒

優先順序

  • 執行緒的優先順序用1-10表示,數字大的優先順序高

  • 可以通過getPriority()獲得優先順序,setPriority(int a)改變優先順序

    //測試優先順序
    public class Priority {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
            Mypriority my = new Mypriority();
            Thread t = new Thread(my,"0");
            Thread t1 = new Thread(my,"1");
            Thread t2 = new Thread(my,"2");
            Thread t3 = new Thread(my,"3");
            Thread t4 = new Thread(my,"4");
            t1.setPriority(1);
            t2.setPriority(5);
            t3.setPriority(7);
            t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
            t.start();
            t1.start();
            t2.start();
            t3.start();
            t4.start();
        }
    }
    class Mypriority implements  Runnable
    {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
        }
    }
    

    PS:跑出來可能和預想的不太一樣

併發

  • 同一個物件被多個執行緒同時操作,例如搶票
  • 利用鎖保證執行緒的安全‘
  • 每個物件都擁有一把鎖
  • sleep不會釋放鎖
  • synchronize:鎖修改的變數
    • 鎖塊 synchronize(obj){}
    • 鎖類

CopyOnWriteArrayList<> 該類是執行緒安全的容器

死鎖

  • 多個執行緒各自佔有一些共享資源,並且互相等待其他執行緒佔有的資源才能執行,而導致兩個或者多個執行緒都在等待對方釋放資源,都在停止執行。如果某一個同步塊同時擁有兩個以上物件的鎖,就可能發生死鎖。
  • 產生死鎖的程式
public class DeadBlock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup m1 =new Makeup(0,"g1");
        Makeup m2 = new Makeup(1,"g2");
        m1.start();
        m2.start();
    }
}
class Lipstick
{

}
class Mirror
{

}
class Makeup extends Thread
{
    //只有一份資源
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
    int choice;
    String name;
    Makeup(int choice,String name)
    {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.name = name;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if(choice == 0)
        {
            synchronized (lipstick)
            {
                System.out.println(this.name+"獲得口紅");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (mirror)//    	  該部分
                {
                    System.out.println(this.name+"獲得鏡子");
                }
            }

        }
        else
        {
            synchronized (mirror)
            {
                System.out.println(this.name+"獲得鏡子");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (lipstick)//        該部分
                {
                    System.out.println(this.name+"獲得口紅");
                }
            }

        }
    }
}

修改後的正確執行(部分

  if(choice == 0)
        {
            synchronized (lipstick)
            {
                System.out.println(this.name+"獲得口紅");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }//不能有兩個鎖,拿出釋放一個鎖
            synchronized (mirror)
            {
                System.out.println(this.name+"獲得鏡子");
            }
        }
        else
        {
            synchronized (mirror)
            {
                System.out.println(this.name+"獲得鏡子");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
            synchronized (lipstick)
            {
                System.out.println(this.name+"獲得口紅");
            }
        }

顯式鎖Lock

  • 和synchronized相比,需要手動開啟和關閉鎖,只能鎖程式碼塊
  • 效能較好一點
 private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private void m()
    {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            //程式碼塊
        }
        finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }