JavaGUI程式設計入門
阿新 • • 發佈：2022-03-31
簡介
AWT
AWT介紹
AWT：抽象的視窗工具
GUI：圖形使用者程式設計
1.元件和容器
視窗（Windows）
Frame
package AWT_Study; import java.awt.*; public class Frame_Test { public static void main(String[] args) { //Frame,JDK,看原始碼 Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一個Java圖形介面視窗"); //設定視窗大小 frame.setSize(400,400); //設定背景顏色 frame.setBackground(new Color(1,1,1)); //設定彈出的初始位置 frame.setLocation(200,200); //設定視窗大小固定(不可拉伸) frame.setResizable(false); //需要設定可見性 frame.setVisible(true); } }
回顧封裝
package AWT_Study; import java.awt.*; public class Frame_Test02 { public static void main(String[] args) { //展示多個視窗 MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue); MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.cyan); MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.black); MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.GREEN); } } class MyFrame extends Frame { //全域性變數,可能存在多個視窗,需要計數 static int id = 0; //構造方法,引數:初始座標(x,y),長寬,顏色 public MyFrame(int x, int y, int w, int h, Color color) { //呼叫父類構造方法,Frame(String); //MyFrame1,MyFrame2... super("MyFrame" + (++id)); //由於繼承了Frame 可直接呼叫Frame的共有方法 setBounds(x, y, w, h); setBackground(color); setVisible(true); } }
面板（Panel）
Panel放在Frame裡面
package AWT_Study; import java.awt.*; public class Panel_Test01 { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame(); Panel panel = new Panel(); //設定佈局(預設會把frame置頂) frame.setLayout(null); //設定frame frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500); frame.setBackground(new Color(204, 255, 124)); //設定panel panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);//設定座標(相對於frame) panel.setBackground(new Color(238, 248, 211, 176)); //給frame新增panel //add(Component),Panel繼承自Container繼承自Component frame.add(panel); frame.setVisible(true); } }
佈局管理器
- 流式佈局-FlowLayout
package AWT_Study;
import java.awt.*;
public class FlowLayout_Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//元件-按鈕
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
//設定為流式佈局
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
frame.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
以FlowLayout.RIGHT為例
- 東西南北中-BorderLayout
package AWT_Study;
import java.awt.*;
public class BorderLayout_Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button north = new Button("North");
Button south = new Button("South");
Button west = new Button("West");
Button east = new Button("East");
Button center = new Button("Center");
frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(100,100);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
- 表格佈局-GridLayout
package AWT_Study;
import java.awt.*;
public class GridLayout_Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
Button button4 = new Button("button4");
Button button5 = new Button("button5");
Button button6 = new Button("button6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.add(button4);
frame.add(button5);
frame.add(button6);
frame.setSize(100,100);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
練習題
我的答案
//frame
Frame frame = new Frame();
frame.setBounds(200,200,500,300);
frame.setBackground(Color.black);
//設定為Grid佈局 兩行一列
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
//填充frame
Panel pUp = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
pUp.setBackground(Color.blue);
Panel pDown = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
pDown.setBackground(Color.GRAY);
frame.add(pUp);
frame.add(pDown);
//填充pUp
Button pUp_Button_west = new Button("west_Up");
Button pUp_Button_east = new Button("east_Up");
Panel pUp_Panel = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
Button pUp_Panel_Button1 = new Button("pUp_Panel_Button1");
Button pUp_Panel_Button2 = new Button("pUp_Panel_Button2");
pUp_Panel.add(pUp_Panel_Button1);
pUp_Panel.add(pUp_Panel_Button2);
pUp.add(pUp_Button_west,BorderLayout.WEST);
pUp.add(pUp_Button_east,BorderLayout.EAST);
pUp.add(pUp_Panel,BorderLayout.CENTER);
//填充pDown
Button pDown_Button_west = new Button("west_Do");
Button pDown_Button_east = new Button("east_Do");
Panel pDown_Panel = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
Button pDown_Panel_Button1 = new Button("pDown_Panel_Button1");
Button pDown_Panel_Button2 = new Button("pDown_Panel_Button2");
Button pDown_Panel_Button3 = new Button("pDown_Panel_Button3");
Button pDown_Panel_Button4 = new Button("pDown_Panel_Button4");
pDown_Panel.add(pDown_Panel_Button1);
pDown_Panel.add(pDown_Panel_Button2);
pDown_Panel.add(pDown_Panel_Button3);
pDown_Panel.add(pDown_Panel_Button4);
pDown.add(pDown_Button_west,BorderLayout.WEST);
pDown.add(pDown_Button_east,BorderLayout.EAST);
pDown.add(pDown_Panel,BorderLayout.CENTER);
更好的寫法
//frame(裝p1,p2)
Frame frame = new Frame();
frame.setBounds(200,200,500,300);
frame.setBackground(Color.black);
//設定為Grid佈局 兩行一列
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
//四個面板(p1裝p2 p3裝p4)
Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
//上面
p2.add(new Button("p2-Btn-1"));
p2.add(new Button("p2-Btn-2"));
p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
p1.add(new Button("Eest-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
//下面
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
}
p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
p3.add(new Button("Eest-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.add(p1);
frame.add(p3);
frame.setVisible(true);