Good evening, and welcome to this week’s instalment of the Victoria 3 Dev Diaries! To cap off this month’s theme of trade, I’ll be talking about the Opium Wars and introducing the concepts of Cultural Obsessions and Religious Taboos.

晚上好，歡迎來到本週的《維多利亞3》開發日誌！為了結束這個月的貿易主題，我將談論鴉片戰爭，並介紹文化迷戀和宗教禁忌的概念。

In the 1830’s China was ravaged by opium addiction. The impact was severe and broad in its effects, with myriad social, economic and even military consequences. Despite attempts by the Qing government to restrict imports, British merchants continued to illegally flood the market. The situation came to a head when Qing officials ordered the seizure and destruction of opium in Canton, to which the British responded with force - the First Opium War resulted in crushing defeats for the Qing government and began an era of unfavourable and humiliating treaties with the Western powers.

19世紀30年代，中國被鴉片煙癮蹂躪。這種影響很嚴重，而且範圍很廣，造成了無數的社會、經濟甚至軍事上的嚴重後果。儘管清政府試圖限制進口，但英國商人繼續通過非法手段使鴉片湧入市場。當清朝官員下令查封和銷燬廣州的鴉片時，情況發生了變化：英國人對此作出了武力迴應--之後的第一次鴉片戰爭，清政府慘敗，並開始了與西方列強簽訂不利和羞辱性條約的時代。

In Victoria 3 we represent the Opium Wars through Journal Entries and Events. Qing China begins in the midst of this crisis, but it is also possible for other unrecognised countries to experience this content if the in-game conditions are appropriate.

在《維多利亞3》中，我們通過任務日誌條目和事件來表現鴉片戰爭。清朝在這場危機中開局，但如果在遊戲中條件合適，其他未被認可的國家也有可能經歷這一內容。

鴉片危機事件對整個國家的生活標準、死亡率和軍事力量的有效性都有嚴厲的負面修正。This is a good time to talk a little more about Cultural Obsessions. A culture can become obsessed with a specific Good - Pops of that Culture, regardless of where they are in the world, will spend significantly more on Goods they are obsessed with compared to other goods in the same Pop Needs category. So in the case of Opium in China, Han pops will spend a lot more of their wealth buying Opium than they do on Liquor or Tobacco. This naturally drives up demand for Opium, and therefore makes it more expensive within the Chinese market. The foreign powers selling Opium to China are making a killing exploiting this demand and feeding the addiction. Cultures can develop new Obsessions over time, and you’ll need to react to changes in pop demands as a result.

現在是一個很好的時機，可以多談談文化迷戀的問題。一種文化可以迷戀一種特定的商品--這種文化的民眾，無論他們身處世界何處，都會在他們所迷戀的商品上花費比同一民眾需求類別中的其他商品多得多。因此，就中國的鴉片而言，漢族人購買鴉片的花費會比購買酒或菸草的花費多得多。這自然推動了對鴉片的需求，並因此使其在中國市場上更加昂貴。向中國出售鴉片的外國勢力利用這種需求和餵養鴉片上癮者而大賺特賺。隨著時間的推移，文化可以發展出新的迷戀，你需要對流行需求的變化做出反應。（注：後面有說如果鴉片戰爭清政府贏了可以移除鴉片的文化迷戀）

On a mechanically related note (though unrelated to the Opium Wars), Religions have Taboos against certain goods. For instance Muslim faiths have a Taboo against the consumption of Liquor and Wine. This has the opposite effect from a Cultural Obsession - pops following these religions will spend much less on purchasing that Good compared to other Goods in that category. So Muslims will typically buy Tobacco and Opium instead of Liquor, and they will buy Tea or Coffee instead of Wine. Just as in real life, not everybody completely adheres to the tenets of their faith, and so these act as powerful modifiers on purchasing decisions rather than total “bans” on consumption. Unlike Obsessions, Taboos are static throughout the game.

與此相關的是（雖然與鴉片戰爭無關），宗教對某些商品有禁忌。例如，穆斯林信仰對烈酒和果酒（如葡萄酒）的消費有禁忌。文化禁忌產生了與文化迷戀相反的效果--信奉這些宗教的pops在購買該商品上的花費要比該類別的其他商品少得多。所以穆斯林通常會購買菸草和鴉片而不是酒，或者他們會購買茶或咖啡而不是酒。這些都是對消費決策的有力修正，而不是對消費的百分百禁止，因為就像在現實生活中一樣，並不是每個人都完全遵守他們的信仰信條。與文化迷戀不同，文化禁忌在整個遊戲中是靜態的。

北京是1836年世界上人口最多的地區之一。除了1900萬人口之外，它還是紫禁城奇觀的所在地，一個龐大的政府行政部門，以及一大片現已停工的長城。Back to the Opium Wars!

If China (or whichever country is the target, but we’ll keep things simple and refer to China from here on out) chooses to confront the issue head on, the Opium Crisis Journal Entry will describe the conditions for successfully resolving the issue, as well as the conditions that will cause immediate failure. China must avoid at all costs enacting the Free Trade law as well as resist the attempts of the Great Powers to establish a Treaty Port - both of these are potential war goals which the AI will strongly prioritize when starting Diplomatic Plays against China. While resisting the Western powers, China must maintain a total ban on the Opium trade.

回到 "鴉片戰爭"這個話題！

如果中國（雖說理論上任何國家都能成為目標，但為了利於理解，以下指的就是中國）選擇直面這個問題，《鴉片危機》任務日誌將描述成功解決這個問題所需的條件，以及會導致立即失敗的條件。中國必須不惜一切代價避免頒佈 “自由貿易法” ，以及抵制列強建立通商口岸的企圖--這兩個都是潛在的戰爭目標，AI在開始對中國的外交遊戲時將強烈地優先考慮這些目標。在抵制西方列強的同時，中國必須保持對鴉片貿易的全面禁止。

扮演英國（或任何主要的鴉片出口國），你將有機會通過你所掌握的所有常規外交和脅迫手段來阻撓鴉片禁令。甚至可能成為一個向中國進軍的機會。China’s attempts to halt the flow of opium will not go unchallenged. All Great and Major powers exporting Opium to China will receive an event prompting them to decide their stance on the matter - though there is some chance that they will let the issue slide, it is much more likely that they will take an opposing stance. This will add the Opium Wars Journal Entry to that country, in which their success conditions match the failure conditions for China. Opium-trading countries must either force China to adopt the Free Trade law, or else acquire a Treaty Port in that nation that allows them to bypass goods bans. Rather than immediately creating a Diplomatic Play with predefined war goals, the AI (and indeed the player!) is strongly encouraged to start a Play with wargoals that would complete the Journal Entry.

中國阻止鴉片流動的嘗試避不開挑戰的出現。所有向中國出口鴉片的列強和次強都會收到一個事件，促使他們決定對此事的立場--雖然他們有一些機會讓這個問題擱置，但更有可能採取反對的立場。這將為該國增加  “鴉片戰爭”  日誌條目，其中他們的成功條件與中國的失敗條件一致。鴉片貿易國必須迫使中國通過 “自由貿易法” ，否則就必須在該國獲得一個通商口岸，使他們能夠繞過貨物禁令。比起無腦建立帶有預定戰爭目標的外交遊戲，我們更鼓勵AI(以及玩家)帶著能夠完成任務日誌條目的戰爭目標開始外交遊戲。

擺脫了鴉片癮的摧殘和外國勢力的干擾，加強後的清朝可能會避免走向歷史上使其毀滅的危機。If China succeeds in suppressing the flow of opium while withstanding the onslaught of the Great Powers, the course of history is altered and the addiction crisis will be resolved. All its primary cultures will lose their Opium Obsession, and the negative modifiers representing the effects of widespread addiction will be removed. With foreign powers repulsed, China has not been forced into the unequal treaties that would lead to further conflict and turmoil.

如果中國成功地抑制了鴉片的流動，同時抵禦了列強的進攻，歷史的程序就會改變，鴉片危機就會被解決。中國的所有主要文化都將失去對鴉片的迷戀，而代表廣泛成癮影響的負面修正也將被移除。由於外國勢力被擊退，中國沒有被迫加入會導致進一步衝突和動亂的不平等條約。

“脆弱的統一”是《維多利亞3》中 "最廣泛 "的日誌條目，包含了在遊戲的各個階段都可能出現的內容--例如，雖然1836年的鴉片戰爭的舞臺已經搭建好了，但 “義和團運動” 要到遊戲後期出現更強烈的漢族民族主義意識時才會發生。Failure, however, may have dire consequences. The government will lose Legitimacy, Radicals will rise across the nation, and Turmoil will engulf your states. But that is not the worst of it; failing the Opium Wars Journal Entry increases your fragmentation, tracked by the Fragile Unity Journal Entry. If your fragmentation rises to 100%, it will herald the end of a unified China, with the nation breaking up into a dozen warlord states. Failing the Opium Wars Journal Entry will indirectly lead to an influx of missionaries into China which may spark radical uprisings on a scale never seen before. And if exploitative foreign presence in China continues into the era of Han nationalism, the people’s demands for sovereignty will shake the foundations of the state and threaten the survival of the Qing Dynasty. One great failure can lead to a chain reaction of disaster.

然而，如果失敗，可能會有可怕的後果。政府將失去合法性，激進分子將在全國範圍內崛起，動盪將吞噬你的管轄地區。但這還不是最糟糕的，鴉片戰爭的失敗會增加你的分裂度，由 “脆弱的統一” 任務日誌條目來追蹤進度。如果你的分裂度上升到100%，這將預示著一個統一的中國的結束，國家將分裂成十幾個軍閥地區。鴉片戰爭的失敗將間接導致大量傳教士湧入中國，這可能會引發規模空前的激進暴動。而如果外國在中國的剝削性存在持續到漢族民族主義時代，人民對主權的要求將動搖國家的基礎，威脅到清朝的生存。這就是一次巨大失敗會導致的災難性連鎖反應。

That’s all for today! Next week we’ll be moving on from trade to a month of focus on the theme of strife. Join us next week where Mikael Andersson will introduce Victoria 3’s Revolutions.

今天就講到這裡吧！下週，我們將從貿易的主題轉向下個月的焦點--紛爭。下週請繼續加入我們，Mikael Andersson將介紹《維多利亞3》中的革命。