python-tkinter實現電子算盤
阿新 • • 發佈：2022-05-10
Python視覺化訓練
一實驗目的
1.使學生綜合運用圖形使用者介面設計的概念；
2.使學生熟悉使用中間面板，組成層次複雜的GUI介面；
3.使學生掌握Python圖形繪製和影象處理步驟與方法；
4.使學生掌握Python視覺化處理的步驟、方法與程式設計；
二實驗環境及實驗準備
1.所需硬體環境為微機；
2.所需軟體環境為Python 3.X等；
3.掌握Python下介面容器與基本元件的基本知識與應用；
4.掌握Python下事件處理模型；
5.掌握Python下圖形繪製的方法；
三實驗內容
（一）、設計實現電子算盤，並完成測試
【題目描述】
給小朋友設計一個電子算盤。要求繪製電子算盤介面，設計並實現打珠算過程（介面參考如下圖示）。
介面右側要求以圖形繪製的方式繪製自畫像，注意不能是影象檔案顯示的形式。
【原始碼程式】（滑鼠左擊上移，右擊下移）
from tkinter import * tk = Tk() tk.title("電子算盤") # 視窗名稱 tank = Canvas(tk, width=1000, height=600, bg='ivory') # 建立畫板 tank.pack() # 顯示畫板 tank.create_rectangle(30, 30, 520, 190, width=3) # 左上側方框 tank.create_rectangle(30, 190, 520, 570, width=3) # 左下側方框第一題原始碼tank.create_oval(900, 400, 620, 120, fill='yellow') tank.create_oval(800, 200, 850, 250, fill='black', tags='left') tank.create_oval(670, 200, 720, 250, fill='black', tags='right') tank.create_line(695, 320, 825, 320, width=5, tags='mouth') backround_image = PhotoImage(file="orange2.png") # 上珠圖片 backround_image2 = PhotoImage(file="yellow2.png") # 下珠圖片 button = Button() button1 = [button for i in range(5)] # 5個上珠 button2 = [[button for i in range(5)] for i in range(4)] # 四行，每行五個下珠 num = [[0 for i in range(5)] for i in range(4)] # 五個下珠分別對應的數值 num2 = [0 for i in range(5)] # 五個上珠分別對應的數值 def getNum(num, num2): # 計算算盤總和 sum_ = 0 for i in num: for j in i: sum_ += j for i in num2: sum_ += i return sum_ def button_click_back(events): # 滑鼠右擊點選事件觸發 widget = events.widget for i in range(5): if widget == button1[i]: button1[i].place(x=40 + 100 * i, y=50 + 70 * 1) num2[i] = 0 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) for i in range(4): for j in range(5): if widget == button2[i][j]: if i == 3: button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1)) num[3][j] = 0 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) if i == 2: button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1)) button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 2)) num[2][j] = 0 num[3][j] = 0 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) if i == 1: button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1)) button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 2)) button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 3)) num[1][j] = 0 num[2][j] = 0 num[3][j] = 0 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) if i == 0: button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1)) button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 2)) button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 3)) button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 4)) num[0][j] = 0 num[1][j] = 0 num[2][j] = 0 num[3][j] = 0 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) def button_click(events): # 滑鼠左擊點選事件觸發 widget = events.widget for i in range(5): if widget == button1[i]: button1[i].place(x=40 + 100 * i, y=50 + 70 * 0) num2[i] = 10 ** (4 - i) * 5 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) for i in range(4): for j in range(5): if widget == button2[i][j]: if i == 3: button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i - 3)) button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i - 2)) button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i - 1)) button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i)) num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 num[1][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 num[2][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 num[3][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) if i == 2: button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210) button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * 1) button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * 2) num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 num[1][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 num[2][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) if i == 1: button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210) button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * 1) num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 num[1][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) else: button2[i][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * i) num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) for i in range(5): # 生成5個上珠 button1[i] = Button(tk, image=backround_image) button1[i].bind("<Button-1>", button_click) button1[i].bind("<Button-3>", button_click_back) button1[i]["bg"] = "ivory" button1[i]["border"] = "0" button1[i].place(x=40 + 100 * i, y=50 + 70) for i in range(4): # 四行，每行生成5個下珠 for j in range(5): button2[i][j] = Button(tk, image=backround_image2) button2[i][j].bind("<Button-1>", button_click) button2[i][j].bind("<Button-3>", button_click_back) button2[i][j]["bg"] = "ivory" button2[i][j]["border"] = "0" button2[i][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1)) tk.mainloop()
【執行測試】
（二）、以（一）中的電子算盤為基礎，設計並實現珠算測試器，並完成測試。
【題目描述】
給小朋友設計一個珠算測試器，要求能夠完成珠算加減法的測試。具體的要求功能如下：
(1) 使用者啟動測試，輸入使用者名稱後系統隨機生成特定數目的加減法測試題；
(2) 要求測試使用錶盤式或數字時秒錶進行介面計時顯示（參考如上圖示）；
(3) 對於每道測試題目，要求使用者使用電子算盤完成珠算過程，當按下確認鍵時，將珠算結果與正確答案比對，並在介面上顯示總題數、已答題數和已做對題數；
(4) 當測試完成，介面顯示本次測試情況（包括使用者名稱、測試題目及答題明細、對錯情況、測試用時和測試成績）
【原始碼程式】
from random import randint from tkinter import * import tkinter.messagebox as msgbox tk = Tk() tk.title("電子算盤") # 視窗名稱 tank = Canvas(tk, width=1000, height=600, bg='ivory') # 建立畫板 tank.pack() # 顯示畫板 tank.create_rectangle(30, 30, 520, 190, width=3) # 左上側方框 tank.create_rectangle(30, 190, 520, 570, width=3) # 左下側方框 # tank.create_oval(900, 400, 620, 120, fill='yellow') # tank.create_oval(800, 200, 850, 250, fill='black', tags='left') # tank.create_oval(670, 200, 720, 250, fill='black', tags='right') # tank.create_line(695, 320, 825, 320, width=5, tags='mouth') backround_image = PhotoImage(file="orange2.png") # 上珠圖片 backround_image2 = PhotoImage(file="yellow2.png") # 下珠圖片 button = Button() button1 = [button for i in range(5)] # 5個上珠 button2 = [[button for i in range(5)] for i in range(4)] # 四行，每行五個下珠 num = [[0 for i in range(5)] for i in range(4)] # 五個下珠分別對應的數值 num2 = [0 for i in range(5)] # 五個上珠分別對應的數值 counter = 0 sure = Button() # 確定按鈕 st = Button() # 啟動檢測按鈕 equation = Label() # 算式 answer = Label(width=50, height=7) # 答題情況 name = Entry() # 使用者名稱輸入 true_result = Label(width=50, height=4) # 上一題的正確答案 digit = Label(tk, bg='yellow', fg='blue', height=5, width=25, font='宋體 10 bold') # 計時器 true = 0 # 已做對題數 false = 0 # 做錯題數 score = 0 # 題目得分 result = 0 # 每道題的正確答案 topic = "" # 題目 def run_counter(digit, second): # 計時器 def counting(): global counter if second == 1: counter += 1 else: counter += 0 digit.config(text="計時器:" + str(counter)) digit.after(1000, counting) counting() def getNum(num, num2): # 計算算盤總和 sum_ = 0 for i in num: for j in i: sum_ += j for i in num2: sum_ += i return sum_ def suanshi(): # 生成隨機加減法測試題 answer = 0 operator = "" num1 = 0 num2 = 0 p = randint(1, 2) if p == 1: while True: num1 = randint(0, 99999) num2 = randint(0, 99999) if num1 + num2 <= 99999: break answer = num1 + num2 operator = "+" elif p == 2: while True: num1 = randint(0, 99999) num2 = randint(0, 99999) if num1 - num2 > 0: break answer = num1 - num2 operator = "-" equation = str(num1) + operator + str(num2) return equation, answer def button_click_back(events): # 滑鼠右擊點選事件觸發 widget = events.widget for i in range(5): if widget == button1[i]: button1[i].place(x=40 + 100 * i, y=50 + 70 * 1) num2[i] = 0 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) for i in range(4): for j in range(5): if widget == button2[i][j]: if i == 3: button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1)) num[3][j] = 0 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) if i == 2: button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1)) button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 2)) num[2][j] = 0 num[3][j] = 0 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) if i == 1: button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1)) button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 2)) button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 3)) num[1][j] = 0 num[2][j] = 0 num[3][j] = 0 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) if i == 0: button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1)) button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 2)) button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 3)) button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 4)) num[0][j] = 0 num[1][j] = 0 num[2][j] = 0 num[3][j] = 0 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) def button_click(events): # 滑鼠左擊點選事件觸發 widget = events.widget for i in range(5): if widget == button1[i]: button1[i].place(x=40 + 100 * i, y=50 + 70 * 0) num2[i] = 10 ** (4 - i) * 5 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) for i in range(4): for j in range(5): if widget == button2[i][j]: if i == 3: button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i - 3)) button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i - 2)) button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i - 1)) button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i)) num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 num[1][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 num[2][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 num[3][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) if i == 2: button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210) button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * 1) button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * 2) num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 num[1][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 num[2][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) if i == 1: button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210) button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * 1) num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 num[1][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) else: button2[i][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * i) num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1 label = Label(tk, text="當前數字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4) label.place(x=780, y=30) def start(): global name global equation global sure global result global digit global topic st.place_forget() digit.place(x=540, y=30) run_counter(digit, 1) Label(tk, text="使用者名稱", bg="ivory").place(x=540, y=150) name = Entry(tk, show='', font=('Arial', 14)) name.place(x=580, y=150) p = suanshi() topic = p[0] result = p[1] equation = Label(tk, text=topic, width=40, height=4) equation.place(x=540, y=200) sure = Button(text="確定", command=judge, width=10, height=3) sure.place(x=850, y=200) def judge(): # 判斷結果 global true global false global score global topic global result global true_result if true + false == 5: msgbox.showinfo('溫馨提示', '恭喜您已做完所有題目！！！') answer["text"] = "使用者名稱:" + name.get() + "\n已答題數:" + str(true + false) + "\n做對題數:" + str(true) + "\n做錯題數:" \ + str(false) + "\n測試時長:" + str(counter) + "s" + "\n測試成績:" + str(score) + "\n答題完畢！！！" answer.place(x=540, y=400) else: print(getNum(num, num2), result) if getNum(num, num2) == result: true += 1 score += 20 else: false += 1 answer["text"] = "總題數:5\n已答題數:" + str(true + false) + "\n已做對題數:" + str(true) + "\n做錯題數:" + str( false) + "\n得分:" + str( score) answer.place(x=540, y=400) p = suanshi() true_result["text"] = "上一題題目：" + topic + "\n上一題正確答案：" + str(result) equation["text"] = p[0] result = p[1] equation.place(x=540, y=200) true_result.place(x=540, y=300) for i in range(5): # 生成5個上珠 button1[i] = Button(tk, image=backround_image) button1[i].bind("<Button-1>", button_click) button1[i].bind("<Button-3>", button_click_back) button1[i]["bg"] = "ivory" button1[i]["border"] = "0" button1[i].place(x=40 + 100 * i, y=50 + 70) for i in range(4): # 四行，每行生成5個下珠 for j in range(5): button2[i][j] = Button(tk, image=backround_image2) button2[i][j].bind("<Button-1>", button_click) button2[i][j].bind("<Button-3>", button_click_back) button2[i][j]["bg"] = "ivory" button2[i][j]["border"] = "0" button2[i][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1)) st = Button(text="啟動測試", command=start, width=50, height=10) st.place(x=600, y=100) tk.mainloop()
【執行測試】