WinForm（五）控制元件和它的成員
阿新 • • 發佈：2022-12-11
窗體無疑是WinForm的主角，每個窗體都是用一個class來承載，那麼窗體的控制元件，就是類中的私有欄位了。每個窗體有三個檔案，兩個.cs檔案，是一個分部類，Designer.cs是自動生成的C#程式碼，一般是拖拽控制元件後生成的程式碼；另一個.cs檔案是寫業務程式碼用的；第三個是.resx檔案，是資源文源，窗體的圖片，圖示，以及一些控制元件的配置資訊。
比如下面的窗體：
生成的程式碼如下這麼多，可見設計器出力不少。
注：下面程式碼只是為了讓你看它有多長，不需要仔細研究。
namespace WinFormDemo04 { partial class Form1 { /// <summary> /// Required designer variable. /// </summary> private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null; /// <summary> /// Clean up any resources being used. /// </summary> /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param> protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing && (components != null)) { components.Dispose(); } base.Dispose(disposing); } #region Windows Form Designer generated code /// <summary> /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify /// the contents of this method with the code editor. /// </summary> private void InitializeComponent() { this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); this.comboBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox(); this.listBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox(); this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); this.treeView1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeView(); this.dataGridView1 = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridView(); this.gridId = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewTextBoxColumn(); this.gridName = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewTextBoxColumn(); this.pictureBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox(); this.radioButton1 = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton(); this.checkBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.dataGridView1)).BeginInit(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.pictureBox1)).BeginInit(); this.SuspendLayout(); // // button1 // this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(35, 27); this.button1.Name = "button1"; this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23); this.button1.TabIndex = 0; this.button1.Text = "button1"; this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true; this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click); // // textBox1 // this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(203, 27); this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1"; this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 23); this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1; this.textBox1.TextChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.textBox1_TextChanged); // // comboBox1 // this.comboBox1.FormattingEnabled = true; this.comboBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(325, 26); this.comboBox1.Name = "comboBox1"; this.comboBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 25); this.comboBox1.TabIndex = 2; this.comboBox1.SelectedIndexChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.comboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged); // // listBox1 // this.listBox1.FormattingEnabled = true; this.listBox1.ItemHeight = 17; this.listBox1.Items.AddRange(new object[] { "111", "222", "aaa"}); this.listBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(199, 84); this.listBox1.Name = "listBox1"; this.listBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120, 89); this.listBox1.TabIndex = 3; this.listBox1.SelectedIndexChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.listBox1_SelectedIndexChanged); // // label1 // this.label1.AutoSize = true; this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(138, 30); this.label1.Name = "label1"; this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(43, 17); this.label1.TabIndex = 4; this.label1.Text = "label1"; this.label1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.label1_Click); // // treeView1 // System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("節點1"); System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode2 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("節點2"); System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode3 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("節點0", new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode[] { treeNode1, treeNode2}); System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode4 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("節點4"); System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode5 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("節點5"); System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode6 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("節點3", new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode[] { treeNode4, treeNode5}); this.treeView1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(325, 84); this.treeView1.Name = "treeView1"; treeNode1.Name = "節點1"; treeNode1.Text = "節點1"; treeNode2.Name = "節點2"; treeNode2.Text = "節點2"; treeNode3.Name = "節點0"; treeNode3.Text = "節點0"; treeNode4.Name = "節點4"; treeNode4.Text = "節點4"; treeNode5.Name = "節點5"; treeNode5.Text = "節點5"; treeNode6.Name = "節點3"; treeNode6.Text = "節點3"; this.treeView1.Nodes.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode[] { treeNode3, treeNode6}); this.treeView1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 97); this.treeView1.TabIndex = 5; this.treeView1.AfterSelect += new System.Windows.Forms.TreeViewEventHandler(this.treeView1_AfterSelect); // // dataGridView1 // this.dataGridView1.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode = System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.AutoSize; this.dataGridView1.Columns.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewColumn[] { this.gridId, this.gridName}); this.dataGridView1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(30, 209); this.dataGridView1.Name = "dataGridView1"; this.dataGridView1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(258, 150); this.dataGridView1.TabIndex = 6; this.dataGridView1.CellContentClick += new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellEventHandler(this.dataGridView1_CellContentClick); // // ID // this.gridId.HeaderText = "ID"; this.gridId.Name = "ID"; // // GridName // this.gridName.HeaderText = "Name"; this.gridName.Name = "GridName"; // // pictureBox1 // this.pictureBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(321, 221); this.pictureBox1.Name = "pictureBox1"; this.pictureBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 50); this.pictureBox1.TabIndex = 7; this.pictureBox1.TabStop = false; this.pictureBox1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.pictureBox1_Click); // // radioButton1 // this.radioButton1.AutoSize = true; this.radioButton1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(33, 89); this.radioButton1.Name = "radioButton1"; this.radioButton1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(102, 21); this.radioButton1.TabIndex = 8; this.radioButton1.TabStop = true; this.radioButton1.Text = "radioButton1"; this.radioButton1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true; this.radioButton1.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioButton1_CheckedChanged); // // checkBox1 // this.checkBox1.AutoSize = true; this.checkBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(33, 125); this.checkBox1.Name = "checkBox1"; this.checkBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(89, 21); this.checkBox1.TabIndex = 9; this.checkBox1.Text = "checkBox1"; this.checkBox1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true; this.checkBox1.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.checkBox1_CheckedChanged); // // Form1 // this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(7F, 17F); this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font; this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(497, 418); this.Controls.Add(this.checkBox1); this.Controls.Add(this.radioButton1); this.Controls.Add(this.pictureBox1); this.Controls.Add(this.dataGridView1); this.Controls.Add(this.treeView1); this.Controls.Add(this.label1); this.Controls.Add(this.listBox1); this.Controls.Add(this.comboBox1); this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1); this.Controls.Add(this.button1); this.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(2); this.Name = "Form1"; this.Text = "Form1"; this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.dataGridView1)).EndInit(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.pictureBox1)).EndInit(); this.ResumeLayout(false); this.PerformLayout(); } #endregion private Button button1; private TextBox textBox1; private ComboBox comboBox1; private ListBox listBox1; private Label label1; private TreeView treeView1; private DataGridView dataGridView1; private PictureBox pictureBox1; private RadioButton radioButton1; private CheckBox checkBox1; private DataGridViewTextBoxColumn gridId; private DataGridViewTextBoxColumn gridName; } }
一個class中的成員可以是欄位，屬性，方法，建構函式，解構函式，事件，索引器，過載運算子，常量，內部巢狀類。通常，一個類庫中的class，屬性和方法是最常見的，到視覺化窗體或控制元件類時，屬性和事件是最常見的，這是因為通過電腦輸入裝置或內部的動作，會觸發很多事件，這些事件會呼叫我們訂閱的方法，從而完成業務的流轉。所以學習視覺化控制元件，就是學習他的屬性和事件。每個控制元件，雙擊後自動訂閱的事件就是這個控制元件最常用的控制元件，比如Button的Click，TextBox的TextChanged事件等。
有一些控制元件還有子控制元件或子選項，就像一個型別的一個屬性是集合型別一些，可以新增子型別。有一些控制元件是容器控制元件，用來承載其他控制元件的，它有一個Controles的屬性，可以新增其他型別的控制元件。
關於每個控制元件的使用這裡就不展開了，因為相關的資料很多，官方的文件就是不錯的選擇。
在WinForm中，大部分事件都是以xxxEventHandler作為定義事件的委託，並且有兩個引數，第一個是object sender，就是發出事件的控制元件，第二個引數是EventArgs或它的子類，如果是它子類，會攜帶一些事件的引數。xxxEventHandler和xxxEventArgs與EventHandler和EventArgs是委託和引數的關係，也是對應的。
private void dataGridView1_CellContentClick(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e) { }
比如DataGridViewCellEventHandler和DataGridViewCellEventArgs，並且Args中有當前單元格的行與列下標。
學習控制元件是一個細活，一個一個過，關注他們的屬性，事件，雖然方法比較少，但也是要關注的，就像研究一個類，就要看他的成員都有什麼，各自作用是什麼一樣。
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