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java動態代理

代理模式

為其他物件提供一個代理以控制對某個物件的訪問。代理類主要負責為委託了(真實物件)預處理訊息、過濾訊息、傳遞訊息給委託類,代理類不現實具體服務,而是利用委託類來完成服務,並將執行結果封裝處理。

其實就是代理類為被代理類預處理訊息、過濾訊息並在此之後將訊息轉發給被代理類,之後還能進行訊息的後置處理。代理類和被代理類通常會存在關聯關係(即上面提到的持有的被帶離物件的引用),代理類本身不實現服務,而是通過呼叫被代理類中的方法來提供服務。

靜態代理

建立一個介面,然後建立被代理的類實現該介面並且實現該介面中的抽象方法。之後再建立一個代理類,同時使其也實現這個介面。在代理類中持有一個被代理物件的引用,而後在代理類方法中呼叫該物件的方法。

以下是靜態代理的例子:

介面:

public interface HelloInterface {
    void sayHello();
}

被代理類:

public class Hello implements HelloInterface{
    @Override
    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("Hello zhanghao!");
    }
}

代理類:

public class HelloProxy implements HelloInterface{
    private HelloInterface helloInterface = new Hello();
    @Override
    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("Before invoke sayHello" );
        helloInterface.sayHello();
        System.out.println("After invoke sayHello");
    }
}

代理類呼叫:

public static void main(String[] args) {
        HelloProxy helloProxy = new HelloProxy();
        helloProxy.sayHello();
    }
    
輸出:
Before invoke sayHello
Hello zhanghao!
After invoke sayHello

使用靜態代理很容易就完成了對一個類的代理操作。但是靜態代理的缺點也暴露了出來:由於代理只能為一個類服務,如果需要代理的類很多,那麼就需要編寫大量的代理類,比較繁瑣。

動態代理

利用反射機制在執行時建立代理類。
介面、被代理類不變,我們構建一個handler類來實現InvocationHandler介面。

public class ProxyHandler implements InvocationHandler{
    private Object object;
    public ProxyHandler(Object object){
        this.object = object;
    }
    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("Before invoke "  + method.getName());
        method.invoke(object, args);
        System.out.println("After invoke " + method.getName());
        return null;
    }
}

執行動態代理:

  public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.getProperties().setProperty("sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles", "true");

        HelloInterface hello = new Hello();
        
        InvocationHandler handler = new ProxyHandler(hello);

        HelloInterface proxyHello = (HelloInterface) Proxy.newProxyInstance(hello.getClass().getClassLoader(), hello.getClass().getInterfaces(), handler);

        proxyHello.sayHello();
    }
    輸出:
    Before invoke sayHello
    Hello zhanghao!
    After invoke sayHello

通過Proxy類的靜態方法newProxyInstance返回一個介面的代理例項。針對不同的代理類,傳入相應的代理程式控制器InvocationHandler。
如果新來一個被代理類Bye,如:

public interface ByeInterface {
    void sayBye();
}
public class Bye implements ByeInterface {
    @Override
    public void sayBye() {
        System.out.println("Bye zhanghao!");
    }
}

執行過程:

public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.getProperties().setProperty("sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles", "true");

        HelloInterface hello = new Hello();
        ByeInterface bye = new Bye();

        InvocationHandler handler = new ProxyHandler(hello);
        InvocationHandler handler1 = new ProxyHandler(bye);

        HelloInterface proxyHello = (HelloInterface) Proxy.newProxyInstance(hello.getClass().getClassLoader(), hello.getClass().getInterfaces(), handler);

        ByeInterface proxyBye = (ByeInterface) Proxy.newProxyInstance(bye.getClass().getClassLoader(), bye.getClass().getInterfaces(), handler1);
        proxyHello.sayHello();
        proxyBye.sayBye();
    }
    輸出:
    Before invoke sayHello
    Hello zhanghao!
    After invoke sayHello
    Before invoke sayBye
    Bye zhanghao!
    After invoke sayBye

動態代理底層實現

動態代理具體步驟:

  1. 通過實現 InvocationHandler 介面建立自己的呼叫處理器;
  2. 通過為 Proxy 類指定 ClassLoader 物件和一組 interface 來建立動態代理類;
  3. 通過反射機制獲得動態代理類的建構函式,其唯一引數型別是呼叫處理器介面型別;
  4. 通過建構函式建立動態代理類例項,構造時呼叫處理器物件作為引數被傳入。

既然生成代理物件是用的Proxy類的靜態方newProxyInstance,那麼我們就去它的原始碼裡看一下它到底都做了些什麼?

    public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
                                          Class<?>[] interfaces,
                                          InvocationHandler h)
        throws IllegalArgumentException
    {
        Objects.requireNonNull(h);

        final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
        final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (sm != null) {
            checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
        }
         //生成代理類物件
        Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);

        //使用指定的呼叫處理程式獲取代理類的建構函式物件
        try {
            if (sm != null) {
                checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
            }

            final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
            final InvocationHandler ih = h;
            //如果Class作用域為私有,通過 setAccessible 支援訪問
            if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
                AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
                    public Void run() {
                        cons.setAccessible(true);
                        return null;
                    }
                });
            }
            //獲取Proxy Class建構函式,建立Proxy代理例項。
            return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
        } catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            Throwable t = e.getCause();
            if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
                throw (RuntimeException) t;
            } else {
                throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
            }
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        }
    }

利用getProxyClass0(loader, intfs)生成代理類Proxy的Class物件。

 private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
                                           Class<?>... interfaces) {
        //如果介面數量大於65535,丟擲非法引數錯誤
        if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
        }

       
        //如果指定介面的代理類已經存在與快取中,則不用新建立,直接從快取中取即可;
        //如果快取中沒有指定代理物件,則通過ProxyClassFactory來建立一個代理物件。
        return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
    }

ProxyClassFactory內部類建立、定義代理類,返回給定ClassLoader 和interfaces的代理類。

        private static final class ProxyClassFactory
        implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>{
        // 代理類的名字的字首統一為“$Proxy”
        private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";

        // 每個代理類字首後面都會跟著一個唯一的編號,如$Proxy0、$Proxy1、$Proxy2
        private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();

        @Override
        public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {

            Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
            for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
                //驗證類載入器載入介面得到物件是否與由apply函式引數傳入的物件相同
                Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
                try {
                    interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                }
                if (interfaceClass != intf) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        intf + " is not visible from class loader");
                }
                //驗證這個Class物件是不是介面
                if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
                }
                if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        "repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
                }
            }

            String proxyPkg = null;     // package to define proxy class in
            int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;

            /*
             * Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
             * proxy class will be defined in the same package.  Verify that
             * all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
             */
            for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
                int flags = intf.getModifiers();
                if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
                    accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
                    String name = intf.getName();
                    int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
                    String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
                    if (proxyPkg == null) {
                        proxyPkg = pkg;
                    } else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "non-public interfaces from different packages");
                    }
                }
            }

            if (proxyPkg == null) {
                // if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
                proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
            }

            /*
             * Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
             */
            long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
            String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;

            /*
             * 
             * 生成指定代理類的位元組碼檔案
             */
            byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
                proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
            try {
                return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
                                    proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
            } catch (ClassFormatError e) {
                /*
                 * A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
                 * proxy class generation code) there was some other
                 * invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
                 * class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
                 * exceeded).
                 */
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
            }
        }
    }

一系列檢查後,呼叫ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass來生成位元組碼檔案。

  public static byte[] generateProxyClass(final String var0, Class<?>[] var1, int var2) {
        ProxyGenerator var3 = new ProxyGenerator(var0, var1, var2);
        // 真正用來生成代理類位元組碼檔案的方法在這裡
        final byte[] var4 = var3.generateClassFile();
        // 儲存代理類的位元組碼檔案
        if(saveGeneratedFiles) {
            AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
                public Void run() {
                    try {
                        int var1 = var0.lastIndexOf(46);
                        Path var2;
                        if(var1 > 0) {
                            Path var3 = Paths.get(var0.substring(0, var1).replace('.', File.separatorChar), new String[0]);
                            Files.createDirectories(var3, new FileAttribute[0]);
                            var2 = var3.resolve(var0.substring(var1 + 1, var0.length()) + ".class");
                        } else {
                            var2 = Paths.get(var0 + ".class", new String[0]);
                        }

                        Files.write(var2, var4, new OpenOption[0]);
                        return null;
                    } catch (IOException var4x) {
                        throw new InternalError("I/O exception saving generated file: " + var4x);
                    }
                }
            });
        }

        return var4;
    }

生成代理類位元組碼檔案的generateClassFile方法:

    private byte[] generateClassFile() {
        //下面一系列的addProxyMethod方法是將介面中的方法和Object中的方法新增到代理方法中(proxyMethod)
        this.addProxyMethod(hashCodeMethod, Object.class);
        this.addProxyMethod(equalsMethod, Object.class);
        this.addProxyMethod(toStringMethod, Object.class);
        Class[] var1 = this.interfaces;
        int var2 = var1.length;

        int var3;
        Class var4;
        //獲得介面中所有方法並新增到代理方法中
        for(var3 = 0; var3 < var2; ++var3) {
            var4 = var1[var3];
            Method[] var5 = var4.getMethods();
            int var6 = var5.length;

            for(int var7 = 0; var7 < var6; ++var7) {
                Method var8 = var5[var7];
                this.addProxyMethod(var8, var4);
            }
        }

        Iterator var11 = this.proxyMethods.values().iterator();

        List var12;
        while(var11.hasNext()) {
            var12 = (List)var11.next();
            checkReturnTypes(var12);
        }

        Iterator var15;
        try {
            //生成代理類的建構函式
            this.methods.add(this.generateConstructor());
            var11 = this.proxyMethods.values().iterator();

            while(var11.hasNext()) {
                var12 = (List)var11.next();
                var15 = var12.iterator();
                    
                while(var15.hasNext()) {
                    ProxyGenerator.ProxyMethod var16 = (ProxyGenerator.ProxyMethod)var15.next();
                    this.fields.add(new ProxyGenerator.FieldInfo(var16.methodFieldName, "Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;", 10));
                    this.methods.add(var16.generateMethod());
                }
            }

            this.methods.add(this.generateStaticInitializer());
        } catch (IOException var10) {
            throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception", var10);
        }

        if(this.methods.size() > '\uffff') {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("method limit exceeded");
        } else if(this.fields.size() > '\uffff') {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("field limit exceeded");
        } else {
            this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(this.className));
            this.cp.getClass("java/lang/reflect/Proxy");
            var1 = this.interfaces;
            var2 = var1.length;

            for(var3 = 0; var3 < var2; ++var3) {
                var4 = var1[var3];
                this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(var4.getName()));
            }

            this.cp.setReadOnly();
            ByteArrayOutputStream var13 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            DataOutputStream var14 = new DataOutputStream(var13);

            try {
                var14.writeInt(-889275714);
                var14.writeShort(0);
                var14.writeShort(49);
                this.cp.write(var14);
                var14.writeShort(this.accessFlags);
                var14.writeShort(this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(this.className)));
                var14.writeShort(this.cp.getClass("java/lang/reflect/Proxy"));
                var14.writeShort(this.interfaces.length);
                Class[] var17 = this.interfaces;
                int var18 = var17.length;

                for(int var19 = 0; var19 < var18; ++var19) {
                    Class var22 = var17[var19];
                    var14.writeShort(this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(var22.getName())));
                }

                var14.writeShort(this.fields.size());
                var15 = this.fields.iterator();

                while(var15.hasNext()) {
                    ProxyGenerator.FieldInfo var20 = (ProxyGenerator.FieldInfo)var15.next();
                    var20.write(var14);
                }

                var14.writeShort(this.methods.size());
                var15 = this.methods.iterator();

                while(var15.hasNext()) {
                    ProxyGenerator.MethodInfo var21 = (ProxyGenerator.MethodInfo)var15.next();
                    var21.write(var14);
                }

                var14.writeShort(0);
                return var13.toByteArray();
            } catch (IOException var9) {
                throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception", var9);
            }
        }
    }

位元組碼生成後,呼叫defineClass0來解析位元組碼,生成了Proxy的Class物件。在瞭解完代理類動態生成過程後,生產的代理類是怎樣的,誰來執行這個代理類。

動態代理流程圖: