1> 檢視當前資料庫字符集

select userenv('LANGUAGE') from dual;

2> 正常關閉資料庫

shutdown immediate;

3> 將資料庫啟動到mount狀態

startup mount;

(報錯時向listenner.ora中新增如下資訊)

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM 
 
= extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME =orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME =orcl)
    )
  )

4>將資料庫設定為受限模式

ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;
ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;

5> 開啟資料庫

alter database
 
 open;
alter database character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;
或者
ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE AL32UTF8;

6> 關閉資料庫用以驗證

shutdown immediate;
startup;
select userenv('LANGUAGE') from dual;

alter system disable restricted session;

修改客戶端字符集，具體就是新增系統環境變數：NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8