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LeetCode 98. Validate Binary Search Tree

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原題

Given a binary tree, determine if it is a valid binary search tree (BST).

Assume a BST is defined as follows:

  • The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys less than the node‘s key.
  • The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys greater than the node‘s key.
  • Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.

Example 1:

    2
   /   1   3

Binary tree [2,1,3], return true.

Example 2:

    1
   /   2   3

Binary tree [1,2,3], return false.

解題思路

思路一:

  • 先將二叉樹進行中序遍歷,接著判斷遍歷的數據是否為遞增的即可(較簡單)

思路二:

  • 采用二叉搜索樹的定義來解題(較難)
  • 難點:每個節點都得跟兩個數進行比較,它必須在這兩個數的範圍之內,其中一個是它的父節點,另外一個是它的某個祖先節點
  • 這個樹是從上往下遍歷的,遍歷到每個節點時,都要把它限定在一個已知的範圍內,不管他下面的節點,只根據他上面的節點來找出這個範圍
  • 這裏我采用繼承的方法,首先定義根節點的範圍為正負無窮大,節點每一個左節點的最大值為它的父節點,最小值繼承它父節點的最小值(右節點相似),由此就可以構造出一個遞歸程序。

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完整代碼

思路一

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode(object):
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.left = None
#         self.right = None

# 先將二叉搜索樹進行中序遍歷,接著判斷是否滿足規則
class Solution(object):
    def isValidBST(self, root):
        """
        :type root: TreeNode
        :rtype: bool
        """
        self.ret = []
        self.helper(root)
        for i in xrange(1, len(self.ret)):
            if self.ret[i] <= self.ret[i-1]:
                return False
        return True
        
    def helper(self, node):
        if node == None:
            return 
        self.helper(node.left)
        self.ret.append(node.val)
        self.helper(node.right)

  

思路二

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode(object):
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.left = None
#         self.right = None

class Solution(object):
    def isValidBST(self, root):
        """
        :type root: TreeNode
        :rtype: bool
        """
        return self.helper(root, -float("inf"), float("inf"))
        
    def helper(self, node, low, high):
        if node == None:
            return True
        if node.val <= low or node.val >= high:
            return False
        return self.helper(node.left, low, node.val) and self.helper(node.right, node.val, high)

  

LeetCode 98. Validate Binary Search Tree