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leetcode--98. Validate Binary Search Tree

ont rip != 判斷 邊界 ems nbsp mine 最大

1、問題描述

Given a binary tree, determine if it is a valid binary search tree (BST).

Assume a BST is defined as follows:

  • The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys less than the node‘s key.
  • The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys greater than the node‘s key.
  • Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.

Example 1:

    2
   /   1   3

Binary tree [2,1,3], return true.

Example 2:

    1
   /   2   3

Binary tree [1,2,3], return false.

2、邊界條件:root==null?

3、思路:1)二叉搜索數的性質,先序遍歷就是一個升序排列方式。利用這個性質,先序遍歷樹得到一個數組,然後判斷數組是否為升序排列。可以在最終數組判斷,也可以遍歷一個子樹就判斷。

2)一個節點的值就限制了它的左子樹的最大值,右子樹的最小值。這樣節點的信息就可以向下傳遞。

4、代碼實現

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 
*/ class Solution { public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) { List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<Integer>(); preOrder(result, root); if (result.size() <= 1) { return true; } for (int i = 0; i < result.size() - 1; i++) {
if (result.get(i) >= result.get(i + 1)) { return false; } } return true; } public void preOrder(List<Integer> result, TreeNode root) { if (root == null) { return; } preOrder(result, root.left); result.add(root.val); preOrder(result, root.right); } }

錯誤做法:對於一個節點,判斷val是否大於left,小於right;然後判斷子樹是否為BST。這樣判斷只是確定了3個值的關系,並沒有確定節點和子樹的關系。[10,5,15,null,null,6,20]不通過。

class Solution {
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return true;
        }
        if (root.left != null && root.left.val >= root.val) {
            return false;
        }
        if (root.right != null && root.right.val <= root.val) {
            return false; 
        }
        return isValidBST(root.left) && isValidBST(root.right);
    }
}

在遞歸過程中判斷每個子樹是否為BST,這種方式也能實現,但是時間復雜度不能保證,大部分情況比較慢。

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        return preOrder(result, root);
    }
    public boolean preOrder(List<Integer> result, TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return true;
        }
        if (!preOrder(result, root.left)) {
            return false;
        }
        result.add(root.val);
        if (!preOrder(result, root.right)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (result.size() <= 1) {
            return true;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < result.size() - 1; i++) {
            if (result.get(i) >= result.get(i + 1)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
}

方法二---推薦

class Solution {
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        return isValidBST(root, Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root, int minVal, int maxVal) {
        if (root == null) {
            return true;
        }
        if (root.val <= minVal || root.val >= maxVal) {
            return false;
        }
        return isValidBST(root.left, minVal, root.val)
               && isValidBST(root.right, root.val, maxVal);
    }
}

5、時間復雜度:遍歷一遍樹O(N), 空間復雜度:O(N),數組

6、api

leetcode--98. Validate Binary Search Tree