python openpyxl.md
阿新 • • 發佈：2017-07-07
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Openpyxl
創建一個工作簿
下面是創建一個工作簿。而每個工作簿至少一個工作表我們可以通過active獲取正在運行的工作表。
In [1]: from openpyxl import Workbook
In [2]: wb = Workbook()
In [3]: ws = wb.active
In [4]: print(ws)
<Worksheet "Sheet">
新建一個工作表：
In [5]: ws1 = wb.create_sheet() #默認插在工作簿末尾
In [6]: print(ws1)
<Worksheet "Sheet1" 修改工作表名：
In [9]: print(ws.title)
Sheet
In [10]: ws.title = ‘New Title‘
In [11]: print(ws.title)
New Title
一旦你獲取工作表的名字，你可以通過workbook的key或者 openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.get_sheet_by_name() 方法得到該工作表
In [13 你可以通過openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.get_sheet_names() 方法得到工作簿的所有工作表。
In [20]: print(wb.get_sheet_names())
[‘New Title‘, ‘Sheet1‘, ‘Sheet2‘]
In [32]: print(wb.sheetnames)
[‘New Title‘ 你也可以循環得到所有的工作表：
In [21]: for sheet in wb:
...: print(sheet.title)
...:
New Title
Sheet1
Sheet2
可以在一個工作簿中創建工作表的副本:
In [33]: source = wb.active
In [34]: target = wb.copy_worksheet(source)
In [35]: print(target)
<Worksheet "New Title Copy">
In [36]: wb.get_sheet_names()
Out[36]: [‘New Title‘, ‘Sheet1‘, ‘Sheet2‘, ‘New Title Copy‘]
操作數據
單元格可以直接根據他們的索引直接獲得：
In [22]: c = ws[‘A4‘]
通過上述的語句，將返回在A4處的單元格，如果不存在將在A4新建一個。 單元格的值也可以直接賦值
In [24]: ws[‘A4‘] = 4
這提供了使用行和列符號來訪問單元格的方法:
In [26]: d = ws.cell(row = 4,column = 2,value=10)
註意：當一個工作表被創建是，其中不包含單元格。只有當單元格被獲取是才被創建。這種方式我們不會創建我們從不會使用的單元格，從而減少了內存消耗。
警告：由於上述特性，你如果遍歷了單元格而非想要使用它們也將會在內存當中創建。
使用切片獲取多個單元格：
In [31]: cell_range = ws[‘A1‘:‘C2‘]
行或列的範圍可以類似地獲得：
In [37]: colC = ws[‘C‘]
In [38]: col_range = ws[‘C:D‘]
In [39]: row10 = ws[10]
In [40]: row_range = ws[5:10]
您還可以使用openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.iter_rows()方法:
In [41]: for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
...: for cell in row:
...: print(cell)
...:
<Cell ‘New Title‘.A1>
<Cell ‘New Title‘.B1>
<Cell ‘New Title‘.C1>
<Cell ‘New Title‘.A2>
<Cell ‘New Title‘.B2>
<Cell ‘New Title‘.C2>
同樣openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.iter_cols()方法將返回列:
In [42]: for col in ws.iter_cols(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
...: for cell in col:
...: print(cell)
...:
<Cell ‘New Title‘.A1>
<Cell ‘New Title‘.A2>
<Cell ‘New Title‘.B1>
<Cell ‘New Title‘.B2>
<Cell ‘New Title‘.C1>
<Cell ‘New Title‘.C2>
如果你需要遍歷所有行或列的一個文件,您可以使用openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.rows()屬性:
>>> ws = wb.active
>>> ws[‘C9‘] = ‘hello world‘
>>> tuple(ws.rows)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>, <Cell Sheet.B1>, <Cell Sheet.C1>),
(<Cell Sheet.A2>, <Cell Sheet.B2>, <Cell Sheet.C2>),
(<Cell Sheet.A3>, <Cell Sheet.B3>, <Cell Sheet.C3>),
(<Cell Sheet.A4>, <Cell Sheet.B4>, <Cell Sheet.C4>),
(<Cell Sheet.A5>, <Cell Sheet.B5>, <Cell Sheet.C5>),
(<Cell Sheet.A6>, <Cell Sheet.B6>, <Cell Sheet.C6>),
(<Cell Sheet.A7>, <Cell Sheet.B7>, <Cell Sheet.C7>),
(<Cell Sheet.A8>, <Cell Sheet.B8>, <Cell Sheet.C8>),
(<Cell Sheet.A9>, <Cell Sheet.B9>, <Cell Sheet.C9>))
或openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.columns()屬性:
>>> tuple(ws.columns)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>,
<Cell Sheet.A2>,
<Cell Sheet.A3>,
<Cell Sheet.A4>,
<Cell Sheet.A5>,
<Cell Sheet.A6>,
...
<Cell Sheet.B7>,
<Cell Sheet.B8>,
<Cell Sheet.B9>),
(<Cell Sheet.C1>,
<Cell Sheet.C2>,
<Cell Sheet.C3>,
<Cell Sheet.C4>,
<Cell Sheet.C5>,
<Cell Sheet.C6>,
<Cell Sheet.C7>,
<Cell Sheet.C8>,
<Cell Sheet.C9>))
數據存儲
一旦我們有一個openpyxl.cell.Cell，我們可以直接為該單元格賦值：
In [47]: c.value = ‘hello, world‘
In [48]: print(c.value)
hello, world
In [49]: d.value = 3.14
In [50]: print(d.value)
3.14
保存到文件
保存工作簿最簡單最安全的方式是使用openpyxl.workbook.Workbook的openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.save() 方法
In [57]: wb = Workbook()
In [58]: wb.save(‘test.xlsx‘)
這個操作將會在沒有警告的情況下覆蓋現有的文件。
你也可以 as_template=True，將文件保存稱為一個模板：
>>> wb = load_workbook(‘document.xlsx‘)
>>> wb.save(‘document_template.xltx‘, as_template=True)
如果as_template=False(默認)，則將文件或模板保存為文件：
>>> wb = load_workbook(‘document_template.xltx‘)
>>> wb.save(‘document.xlsx‘, as_template=False)
>>> wb = load_workbook(‘document.xlsx‘)
>>> wb.save(‘new_document.xlsx‘, as_template=False)
警告：在保存文件到文件模板中的時候你應該監控數據的屬性和文件擴展名，反之亦然；否則，你得到的工作簿可能無法打開。
>>> wb = load_workbook(‘document.xlsx‘)
>>> # Need to save with the extension *.xlsx
>>> wb.save(‘new_document.xlsm‘)
>>> # MS Excel can‘t open the document
>>>
>>> # or
>>>
>>> # Need specify attribute keep_vba=True
>>> wb = load_workbook(‘document.xlsm‘)
>>> wb.save(‘new_document.xlsm‘)
>>> # MS Excel can‘t open the document
>>>
>>> # or
>>>
>>> wb = load_workbook(‘document.xltm‘, keep_vba=True)
>>> # If us need template document, then we need specify extension as *.xltm.
>>> # If us need document, then we need specify attribute as_template=False.
>>> wb.save(‘new_document.xlsm‘, as_template=True)
>>> # MS Excel can‘t open the document
從文件中導入
和寫入文件的方式相同，你可以引入openpyxl.load_workbook()來打開一個已經存在的工作簿
>>> from openpyxl import load_workbook
>>> wb2 = load_workbook(‘test.xlsx‘)
>>> print wb2.get_sheet_names()
[‘Sheet2‘, ‘New Title‘, ‘Sheet1‘]
使用舉例
Write a workbook
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.compat import range
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
wb = Workbook()
dest_filename = ‘D:\excel\empty_book.xlsx‘
ws1 = wb.active
ws1.title = "range names"
for row in range(1, 40):
ws1.append(range(600))
ws2 = wb.create_sheet(title="Pi")
ws2[‘F5‘] = 3.14
ws3 = wb.create_sheet(title="Data")
for row in range(10, 20):
for col in range(27, 54):
_ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=row, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))
wb.save(filename = dest_filename)
Read an existing workbook
>>> from openpyxl import load_workbook
>>> wb = load_workbook(filename = ‘empty_book.xlsx‘)
>>> sheet_ranges = wb[‘range names‘]
>>> print(sheet_ranges[‘D18‘].value)
3
Using number formats
In [1]: import datetime
In [2]: from openpyxl import Workbook
In [3]: wb = Workbook()
In [4]: ws = wb.active
In [5]: ws[‘A1‘] = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21)
In [6]: ws[‘A1‘].number_format
Out[6]: ‘yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss‘
In [7]: wb.guess_types = True
In [8]: ws[‘B1‘] = ‘3.14%‘
In [9]: wb.guess_types = False
In [10]: ws[‘B1‘].value
Out[10]: 0.031400000000000004
In [11]: ws[‘B1‘].number_format
Out[11]: ‘0%‘
Using formulae
In [1]: from openpyxl import Workbook
In [2]: wb = Workbook()
In [3]: ws = wb.active
In [4]: ws["A1"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"
In [5]: wb.save("formula.xlsx")
註意，你必須使用英文名作為一個函數，函數參數必須用逗號分開，而不是像半冒號那樣的其他標點符號。
openpyxl從不計算公式，但可以檢查公式的名稱:
>>> from openpyxl.utils import FORMULAE
>>> "HEX2DEC" in FORMULAE
True
如果你試圖使用一個未知的公式，這可能是因為你使用的公式沒有包含在初始規範中。這樣的公式必須用xlfn進行前綴。去工作。
Merge / Unmerge cells
當您將所有的單元合並時，但是左上角的單元格將從工作表中刪除。請參閱樣式合並的單元以獲得關於格式化合並單元的信息。
>>> from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook
>>> wb = Workbook()
>>> ws = wb.active
>>> ws.merge_cells(‘A1:B1‘)
>>> ws.unmerge_cells(‘A1:B1‘)
>>> # or
>>> ws.merge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)
>>> ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)
Inserting an image
>>> from openpyxl import Workbook
>>> from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image
>>> wb = Workbook()
>>> ws = wb.active
>>> ws[‘A1‘] = ‘You should see three logos below‘
>>> # create an image
>>> img = Image(‘logo.png‘)
>>> # add to worksheet and anchor next to cells
>>> ws.add_image(img, ‘A1‘)
>>> wb.save(‘logo.xlsx‘)
Fold columns (outline)
>>> import openpyxl
>>> wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
>>> ws = wb.create_sheet()
>>> ws.column_dimensions.group(‘A‘,‘D‘, hidden=True)
>>> wb.save(‘group.xlsx‘)
python openpyxl.md