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Balancing Act

Time Limit: 1000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 14062		Accepted: 5937

Description

Consider a tree T with N (1 <= N <= 20,000) nodes numbered 1...N. Deleting any node from the tree yields a forest: a collection of one or more trees. Define the balance of a node to be the size of the largest tree in the forest T created by deleting that node from T.
For example, consider the tree:

Deleting node 4 yields two trees whose member nodes are {5} and {1,2,3,6,7}. The larger of these two trees has five nodes, thus the balance of node 4 is five. Deleting node 1 yields a forest of three trees of equal size: {2,6}, {3,7}, and {4,5}. Each of these trees has two nodes, so the balance of node 1 is two.

For each input tree, calculate the node that has the minimum balance. If multiple nodes have equal balance, output the one with the lowest number.

Input

The first line of input contains a single integer t (1 <= t <= 20), the number of test cases. The first line of each test case contains an integer N (1 <= N <= 20,000), the number of congruence. The next N-1 lines each contains two space-separated node numbers that are the endpoints of an edge in the tree. No edge will be listed twice, and all edges will be listed.

Output

For each test case, print a line containing two integers, the number of the node with minimum balance and the balance of that node.

Sample Input

1
7
2 6
1 2
1 4
4 5
3 7
3 1

Sample Output

1 2

Source

POJ Monthly--2004.05.15 IOI 2003 sample task dp求樹的重心： 我們首先找到每一個節點所有子樹的大小。 然後用n-size[pos]算出祖先的大小， 判斷即可

 1 #include<iostream>
 2 #include<cstdio>
 3 #include<cstring>
 4 #include<cmath>
 5 #define lli long long int 
 6 using namespace std;
 7 const int MAXN=2000001;
 8 const int maxn=0x7fffff;
 9 void read(int &n)
10 {
11     char c=‘+‘;int x=0;bool flag=0;
12     while(c<‘0‘||c>‘9‘){c=getchar();if(c==‘-‘)flag=1;}
13     while(c>=‘0‘&&c<=‘9‘)
14     x=(x<<1)+(x<<3)+c-48,c=getchar();
15     flag==1?n=-x:n=x;
16 }
17 struct node
18 {
19     int u,v,w,nxt;
20 }edge[MAXN];
21 int head[MAXN];
22 int num=1;
23 int size[MAXN];
24 int ans=maxn;
25 int out=maxn;
26 int n;
27 int mx[MAXN];
28 void add_edge(int x,int y)
29 {
30     edge[num].u=x;
31     edge[num].v=y;
32     edge[num].nxt=head[x];
33     head[x]=num++;
34 }
35 void dfs(int pos,int fa)
36 {
37 //    cout<<pos<<endl;
38     size[pos]=1;
39     int now=0;
40     for(int i=head[pos];i!=-1;i=edge[i].nxt)
41     {
42         
43         if(edge[i].v!=fa)
44         {
45             dfs(edge[i].v,pos);
46             size[pos]+=size[edge[i].v];
47             mx[pos]=max(mx[pos],size[edge[i].v]);
48         }
49     }
50     mx[pos]=max(mx[pos],n-size[pos]);
51     if(mx[pos]<mx[ans])
52         ans=pos;
53     if(mx[pos]==mx[ans]&&pos<ans)
54         ans=pos;
55 }
56 int  main()
57 {
58     int T;
59     read(T);
60     while(T--)
61     {
62         read(n);
63         //cout<<maxn<<endl;
64         num=1;
65         memset(head,-1,sizeof(head));
66         memset(size,0,sizeof(size));
67         memset(mx,0,sizeof(mx));
68         mx[0]=maxn;
69         ans=0;
70         for(int i=1;i<=n-1;i++)
71         {
72             int x,y,z;
73              read(x);read(y);
74              add_edge(x,y);
75              add_edge(y,x);
76         }
77         dfs(1,0);
78         printf("%d %d\n",ans,mx[ans]);    
79         
80     } 
81     return 0;
82 }

POJ 1655 Balancing Act（樹的重心）