一、數據庫準備

1.創建數據庫maven
create database maven character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci; //use maven;

2.創建用戶表

create table t_users(
id int primary key auto_increment,
username varchar(30) not null,
password varchar(50) not null,
constraint unq_users_username unique(username)
);

3.插入測試數據

insert into t_users(username,password) values(‘admin‘, md5(‘admin‘));
insert into t_users(username,password) values(‘user‘, md5(‘user‘));

二、項目框架構建

1.創建簡單父工程maven-parent，註意packaging類型為pom
2.復制prom.xml內容以引入jar包
3.創建子工程（Maven Module）maven-entity，註意packaging類型為jar，選擇父類型為maven-parent
4.創建子工程（Maven Module）maven-utils，註意packaging類型為jar，選擇父類型為maven-parent
5.創建子工程（Maven Module）maven-dao，註意packaging類型為jar，選擇父類型為maven-parent
6.創建子工程（Maven Module）maven-service，註意packaging類型為jar，選擇父類型為maven-parent
7.創建子工程（Maven Module）maven-web,，註意packaging類型為war，選擇父類型為maven-parent
8.將maven-parent發布到本地倉庫，maven會自動將所有子工程發布到本地倉庫
9.按順序為各個子項目添加依賴關系，具體依賴順序如下 web--->service-->dao--->utils--->entity
10.在子工程之間添加依賴的具體操作如下：
10.1 發布工程後，最好先打開Maven Repository重建一下索引
10.2 打開maven-utils子工程的porm.xml，選擇dependencies標簽添加對maven-entity的依賴（也可以直接編輯porm.xml源碼添加）
10.3 打開maven-dao子工程的porm.xml，選擇dependencies標簽添加對maven-utils的依賴（也可以直接編輯porm.xml源碼添加）
10.4 打開maven-service子工程的porm.xml，選擇dependencies標簽添加對maven-dao的依賴（也可以直接編輯porm.xml源碼添加）
10.5 打開maven-web子工程的porm.xml，選擇dependencies標簽添加對maven-web的依賴（也可以直接編輯porm.xml源碼添加）
11.子工程之間的依賴會以工程的形式出現在lib中，若關閉某一子工程，則會變為以jar方式引入
12.在maven-web工程的webapp創建WEB-INF目錄及web.xml文件

三、構建maven-entity子工程

1.在src/main/java的com.hao.entity下編寫User.java，並采用Hibernate註解映射實體

package com.hao.entity;

// Generated 2017-8-6 12:57:28 by Hibernate Tools 4.0.0

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import static javax.persistence.GenerationType.IDENTITY;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.UniqueConstraint;

/**
* TUsers generated by hbm2java
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "t_users", catalog = "maven", uniqueConstraints = @UniqueConstraint(columnNames = "username"))
public class User implements java.io.Serializable {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;

public User() {
}

public User(String username, String password) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}

@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "id", unique = true, nullable = false)
public Integer getId() {
return this.id;
}

public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}

@Column(name = "username", unique = true, nullable = false, length = 30)
public String getUsername() {
return this.username;
}

public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}

@Column(name = "password", nullable = false, length = 50)
public String getPassword() {
return this.password;
}

public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}

}

四、構建maven-utils子工程

1.在src/main/java下編寫MD5工具類，用於密碼加密

package com.hao.utils;

import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

public class MD5Utils {
/**
* 使用md5的算法進行加密
*/
public static String md5(String plainText) {
byte[] secretBytes = null;
try {
secretBytes = MessageDigest.getInstance("md5").digest(
plainText.getBytes());
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("沒有md5這個算法！");
}
String md5code = new BigInteger(1, secretBytes).toString(16);// 16進制數字
// 如果生成數字未滿32位，需要前面補0
for (int i = 0; i < 32 - md5code.length(); i++) {
md5code = "0" + md5code;
}
return md5code;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(md5("123"));
}

}

五、構建maven-dao子工程

1.在src/main/java下進行BaseDao的抽取以及UserDao代碼的編寫

1.1 BaseDao接口

package com.hao.dao.base;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;

public interface BaseDao<T> {

void save(T entity);

void delete(T entity);

void deleteById(Serializable id);

void update(T entity);

T findById(Serializable id);

List<T> findAll();
}

1.2 BaseDaoImpl實現類

package com.hao.dao.base.impl;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

import com.hao.dao.base.BaseDao;

public class BaseDaoImpl<T> extends HibernateDaoSupport implements BaseDao<T> {

private Class<T> entityClass;

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public BaseDaoImpl() {

// 獲取子類對象的父類類型
ParameterizedType superClass = (ParameterizedType) this.getClass()
.getGenericSuperclass();
// 獲得在父類類型上聲明的反省數組
Type[] genericTypes = superClass.getActualTypeArguments();
// 第一個泛型即為實體類型
entityClass = (Class<T>) genericTypes[0];
}

@Override
public void save(T entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().save(entity);
}

@Override
public void delete(T entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().delete(entity);
}

@Override
public void deleteById(Serializable id) {
T entity = getHibernateTemplate().load(entityClass, id);
getHibernateTemplate().delete(entity);
}

@Override
public void update(T entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().update(entity);
}

@Override
public T findById(Serializable id) {
return getHibernateTemplate().get(entityClass, id);
}

@Override
public List<T> findAll() {
return getHibernateTemplate().loadAll(entityClass);
}

/**
* HibernateDao接口在使用前必須註入SessionFactory
*
* @param sessionFactory
*/
@Autowired
public void setSF(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
super.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);
}
}

1.3 UserDao接口

package com.hao.dao;

import com.hao.dao.base.BaseDao;
import com.hao.entity.User;

public interface UserDao extends BaseDao<User> {

User login(String username, String password);
}

1.4 UserDaoImpl實現類

package com.hao.dao.impl;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.hao.dao.UserDao;
import com.hao.dao.base.impl.BaseDaoImpl;
import com.hao.entity.User;

@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends BaseDaoImpl<User> implements UserDao {

@Override
public User login(String username, String password) {

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<User> user = (List<User>) getHibernateTemplate().find(
"from User u where u.username=? and u.password=?", username,
password);

if (user == null || user.size() < 1) {
return null;
} else {
return user.get(0);
}
}
}

2.在src/main/resources下創建applicationContext-dao.xml文件，編寫屬於dao層的內容

<!-- 開啟掃描註解Bean -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.hao" />

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties" />
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}" />
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
</bean>

<!-- 加載配置方案2:在spring配置中放置hibernate配置信息 -->
<bean name="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 將連接池註入到sessionFactory, hibernate會通過連接池獲得連接 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<!-- 配置hibernate基本信息 -->
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>

</props>
</property>
<!-- 引入orm元數據,指定orm元數據所在的包路徑,spring會自動讀取包中的所有配置 -->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.hao.entity"></property>
</bean>

3.在src/main/resources下創建db.properties

jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/maven
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=h66666

4.在src/main/resources下創建log4j.properties

log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n

log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=D:\\temp\\mylog.log
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n

### fatal error warn info debug debug trace
log4j.rootLogger=debug, stdout
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=INFO
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=INFO

5.為了在Dao層能對save，update之類的方法進行測試，還需而外提供Service層中的Spring聲明式事務配置
6.故在src/test/resources下創建applicationContext-daotest.xml，提供和事務相關的配置（最好與applicationContext-service中的事務配置保持一致）

<bean name="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager" >
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

7.執行單元測試時，實際上需要使用到多個applicationContext文件，其中applicationContext-daotest.xml就是在src/test/resources中定義的

8.單元測試依賴多個applicationContext文件時，[email protected]

[email protected]碼，[email protected]

package com.hao.dao;

import junit.framework.Assert;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import com.hao.entity.User;
import com.hao.utils.MD5Utils;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:applicationContext-dao.xml",
"classpath:applicationContext-daotest.xml" })
@Transactional
public class UserDaoTest {

@Autowired
UserDao userDao;

@Test
public void testLogin() {

Assert.assertNotNull(userDao.login("admin", MD5Utils.md5("admin")));
Assert.assertNull(userDao.login("admin", MD5Utils.md5("pass")));
Assert.assertNotNull(userDao.login("user", MD5Utils.md5("user")));

System.out.println(userDao.login("admin", MD5Utils.md5("admin")));
}

@Test
public void testSave() {
User u = new User();
u.setUsername("dao");
u.setPassword("dao");
userDao.save(u);
}

}

六、構建maven-service子工程

1.在src/main/java下編寫UserService相關代碼

1.1 UserService接口

package com.hao.service;

import com.hao.entity.User;

public interface UserService {

User login(User user);

void save(User user);

}

1.2 UserServiceImpl實現類

package com.hao.service.impl;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import com.hao.dao.UserDao;
import com.hao.entity.User;
import com.hao.service.UserService;
import com.hao.utils.MD5Utils;

@Service("userService")
@Transactional(isolation = Isolation.REPEATABLE_READ, propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly = true)
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

private UserDao userDao;

@Autowired
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}

@Override
public User login(User user) {
String pass = MD5Utils.md5(user.getPassword());
return userDao.login(user.getUsername(), pass);
}

@Override
@Transactional(isolation = Isolation.REPEATABLE_READ, propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly = false)
public void save(User user) {
userDao.save(user);
}
}

2.在src/main/resources下創建applicationContext-service.xml，編寫service層相關的配置（主要是聲明式事務的配置）

<!-- 定義核心事務管理器 -->
<bean name="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager" >
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>

<!-- 開啟註解事務 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

3.多個applicationContext也可以采用通配符方式配置，如"classpath*:applicationContext-*.xml"，但不建議

4.因為使用通配符方式時，我在eclipse能成功執行單元測試，但使用maven的install命令發布到本地倉庫時，單元測試代碼會執行失敗

5.出錯原因為為dao子工程的applicationContext找不到，因此建議使用列舉文件方式而不要采用通配符的方式

6.註意，第一個通配符表示讀取包括類路徑和jar包下的徑的配置文件

7.在對Service進行單元測試時，[email protected]，否則會使用service方法中配置的事務，會產生臟數據

8.在src/test/java下編寫Service層的單元測試代碼

package com.hao.service;

import junit.framework.Assert;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import com.hao.entity.User;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath*:applicationContext-dao.xml", "classpath:applicationContext-service.xml"})
@Transactional
public class UserServiceTest {

@Autowired
UserService userService;

@Test
public void testLogin() {

User u1 = new User();
u1.setUsername("admin");
u1.setPassword("admin");

User u2 = new User();
u2.setUsername("admin");
u2.setPassword("pass");

User u3 = new User();
u3.setUsername("user");
u3.setPassword("user");

Assert.assertNotNull(userService.login(u1));
Assert.assertNull(userService.login(u2));
Assert.assertNotNull(userService.login(u3));
}

@Test
public void testSave() {

User u = new User();
u.setUsername("service");
u.setPassword("service");

userService.save(u);

}

}

七、構建maven-web子工程

1.action的抽取以及UserAction的編寫

1.1 抽取BaseAction

package com.hao.action.base;

import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;

public class BaseAction<T> extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<T>,
RequestAware, SessionAware {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

protected Map<String, Object> request;
protected Map<String, Object> session;
protected T model;

@Override
public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> request) {
this.request = request;
}

@Override
public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
this.session = session;
}

@Override
public T getModel() {
return model;
}

public BaseAction() {

// 獲取父類
ParameterizedType genericSuperclass = (ParameterizedType) this
.getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
// 獲取父類的泛型數組
Type[] types = genericSuperclass.getActualTypeArguments();
// 取得第一個泛型，即Model的類型
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Class<T> entityClass = (Class<T>) types[0];
try {
model = entityClass.newInstance();
} catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}

}

1.2 UserAction代碼編寫，註意scope要為prototype

package com.hao.action;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import com.hao.action.base.BaseAction;
import com.hao.entity.User;
import com.hao.service.UserService;

@Controller("userAction")
@Scope("prototype")
public class UserAction extends BaseAction<User> {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

public String login() {
System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------"
+ this + "-------------------------------------------------------");
User user = userService.login(model);
if (user == null) {
request.put("errorInfo", "用戶名或密碼錯誤");
return LOGIN;
}
session.put("loginUser", user);
return SUCCESS;
}

@Autowired
private UserService userService;

public UserService getUserService() {
return userService;
}

public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}

}

2.在struts.xml中配置struts，整合spring

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />

<package name="hao" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="userAction_*" class="userAction" method="{1}">
<result>/success.jsp</result>
<result name="login">/index.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>

</struts>

3.在web.xml中配置spring監聽器，讓spring容器隨web項目啟動而啟動

<!-- 配置spring框架的監聽器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

4.配置過濾器，用於擴展Hibernate Session的作用域知道請求結束，註意一定要配置在struts2過濾器之前

<!-- 配置過濾器，解決hibernate延遲加載問題 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>openSessionInView</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>openSessionInView</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

5.配置struts2過濾器

<!-- 配置struts2的過濾器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

八、編寫頁面，啟動項目

1.index.jsp，註意引入jstl標簽庫

<form action="userAction_login.action" method="post">
<span>用戶名：</span><input type="text" name="username"/><br/>
<span>密　碼：</span><input type="password" name="password"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
<c:if test="${not empty requestScope.errorInfo }">
<c:out value="${errorInfo }"/>
</c:if>

2.success.jsp

<h5>${sessionScope.loginUser.username }登陸成功</h5><hr/>

3.使用tomcat7:run命令運行或者使用eclipse從執行服務器運行，訪問index.jsp測試即可

Maven - 構建基於Maven的ssh分模塊項目