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Java - "JUC線程池" 線程狀態與拒絕策略源碼分析

int 簡單 his 類型 post 由於 lec java turn

Java多線程系列--“JUC線程池”04之 線程池原理(三)

本章介紹線程池的生命周期。在"Java多線程系列--“基礎篇”01之 基本概念"中,我們介紹過,線程有5種狀態:新建狀態,就緒狀態,運行狀態,阻塞狀態,死亡狀態。線程池也有5種狀態;然而,線程池不同於線程,線程池的5種狀態是:Running, SHUTDOWN, STOP, TIDYING, TERMINATED。


線程池狀態定義代碼如下:

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private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));
private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3;
private static final int CAPACITY = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;

private static final int RUNNING = -1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int SHUTDOWN = 0 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int STOP = 1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TIDYING = 2 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TERMINATED = 3 << COUNT_BITS;
private static int ctlOf(int rs, int wc) { return rs | wc; }
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說明
ctl是一個AtomicInteger類型的原子對象。ctl記錄了"線程池中的任務數量"和"線程池狀態"2個信息。
ctl共包括32位。其中,高3位表示"線程池狀態",低29位表示"線程池中的任務數量"。

RUNNING    -- 對應的高3位值是111。
SHUTDOWN   -- 對應的高3位值是000。
STOP       -- 對應的高3位值是001。
TIDYING    -- 對應的高3位值是010。
TERMINATED -- 對應的高3位值是011。

線程池各個狀態之間的切換如下圖所示:

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1. RUNNING

(01) 狀態說明:線程池處在RUNNING狀態時,能夠接收新任務,以及對已添加的任務進行處理。
(02) 狀態切換:線程池的初始化狀態是RUNNING。換句話說,線程池被一旦被創建,就處於RUNNING狀態!
道理很簡單,在ctl的初始化代碼中(如下),就將它初始化為RUNNING狀態,並且"任務數量"初始化為0。

private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));

2. SHUTDOWN

(01) 狀態說明:線程池處在SHUTDOWN狀態時,不接收新任務,但能處理已添加的任務。
(02) 狀態切換:調用線程池的shutdown()接口時,線程池由RUNNING -> SHUTDOWN。

3. STOP

(01) 狀態說明:線程池處在STOP狀態時,不接收新任務,不處理已添加的任務,並且會中斷正在處理的任務。
(02) 狀態切換:調用線程池的shutdownNow()接口時,線程池由(RUNNING or SHUTDOWN ) -> STOP。

4. TIDYING
(01) 狀態說明:當所有的任務已終止,ctl記錄的"任務數量"為0,線程池會變為TIDYING狀態。當線程池變為TIDYING狀態時,會執行鉤子函數terminated()。terminated()在ThreadPoolExecutor類中是空的,若用戶想在線程池變為TIDYING時,進行相應的處理;可以通過重載terminated()函數來實現。
(02) 狀態切換:當線程池在SHUTDOWN狀態下,阻塞隊列為空並且線程池中執行的任務也為空時,就會由 SHUTDOWN -> TIDYING。
當線程池在STOP狀態下,線程池中執行的任務為空時,就會由STOP -> TIDYING。

5. TERMINATED
(01) 狀態說明:線程池徹底終止,就變成TERMINATED狀態。
(02) 狀態切換:線程池處在TIDYING狀態時,執行完terminated()之後,就會由 TIDYING -> TERMINATED。

拒絕策略介紹

線程池的拒絕策略,是指當任務添加到線程池中被拒絕,而采取的處理措施。
當任務添加到線程池中之所以被拒絕,可能是由於:第一,線程池異常關閉。第二,任務數量超過線程池的最大限制。

線程池共包括4種拒絕策略,它們分別是:AbortPolicy, CallerRunsPolicy, DiscardOldestPolicyDiscardPolicy

AbortPolicy         -- 當任務添加到線程池中被拒絕時,它將拋出 RejectedExecutionException 異常。
CallerRunsPolicy    -- 當任務添加到線程池中被拒絕時,會在線程池當前正在運行的Thread線程池中處理被拒絕的任務。
DiscardOldestPolicy -- 當任務添加到線程池中被拒絕時,線程池會放棄等待隊列中最舊的未處理任務,然後將被拒絕的任務添加到等待隊列中。
DiscardPolicy       -- 當任務添加到線程池中被拒絕時,線程池將丟棄被拒絕的任務。

線程池默認的處理策略是AbortPolicy!

拒絕策略對比和示例

下面通過示例,分別演示線程池的4種拒絕策略。
1. DiscardPolicy 示例
2. DiscardOldestPolicy 示例
3. AbortPolicy 示例
4. CallerRunsPolicy 示例

1. DiscardPolicy 示例

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 1 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 2 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
 3 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 4 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 5 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy;
 6 
 7 public class DiscardPolicyDemo {
 8 
 9     private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
10     private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
11 
12     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
13 
14         // 創建線程池。線程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都為1(THREADS_SIZE),"線程池"的阻塞隊列容量為1(CAPACITY)。
15         ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
16                 new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
17         // 設置線程池的拒絕策略為"丟棄"
18         pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
19 
20         // 新建10個任務,並將它們添加到線程池中。
21         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
22             Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
23             pool.execute(myrun);
24         }
25         // 關閉線程池
26         pool.shutdown();
27     }
28 }
29 
30 class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
31     private String name;
32     public MyRunnable(String name) {
33         this.name = name;
34     }
35     @Override
36     public void run() {
37         try {
38             System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
39             Thread.sleep(100);
40         } catch (Exception e) {
41             e.printStackTrace();
42         }
43     }
44 }
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運行結果

task-0 is running.
task-1 is running.

結果說明:線程池pool的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都為1(THREADS_SIZE),這意味著"線程池能同時運行的任務數量最大只能是1"。
線程池pool的阻塞隊列是ArrayBlockingQueue,ArrayBlockingQueue是一個有界的阻塞隊列,ArrayBlockingQueue的容量為1。這也意味著線程池的阻塞隊列只能有一個線程池阻塞等待。
根據""中分析的execute()代碼可知:線程池中共運行了2個任務。第1個任務直接放到Worker中,通過線程去執行;第2個任務放到阻塞隊列中等待。其他的任務都被丟棄了!

2. DiscardOldestPolicy 示例

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 1 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 2 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
 3 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 4 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 5 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy;
 6 
 7 public class DiscardOldestPolicyDemo {
 8 
 9     private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
10     private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
11 
12     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
13 
14         // 創建線程池。線程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都為1(THREADS_SIZE),"線程池"的阻塞隊列容量為1(CAPACITY)。
15         ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
16                 new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
17         // 設置線程池的拒絕策略為"DiscardOldestPolicy"
18         pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());
19 
20         // 新建10個任務,並將它們添加到線程池中。
21         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
22             Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
23             pool.execute(myrun);
24         }
25         // 關閉線程池
26         pool.shutdown();
27     }
28 }
29 
30 class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
31     private String name;
32     public MyRunnable(String name) {
33         this.name = name;
34     }
35     @Override
36     public void run() {
37         try {
38             System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
39             Thread.sleep(200);
40         } catch (Exception e) {
41             e.printStackTrace();
42         }
43     }
44 }
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運行結果

task-0 is running.
task-9 is running.

結果說明:將"線程池的拒絕策略"由DiscardPolicy修改為DiscardOldestPolicy之後,當有任務添加到線程池被拒絕時,線程池會丟棄阻塞隊列中末尾的任務,然後將被拒絕的任務添加到末尾。

3. AbortPolicy 示例

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 1 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 2 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
 3 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 4 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 5 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy;
 6 import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
 7 
 8 public class AbortPolicyDemo {
 9 
10     private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
11     private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
12 
13     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
14 
15         // 創建線程池。線程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都為1(THREADS_SIZE),"線程池"的阻塞隊列容量為1(CAPACITY)。
16         ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
17                 new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
18         // 設置線程池的拒絕策略為"拋出異常"
19         pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
20 
21         try {
22 
23             // 新建10個任務,並將它們添加到線程池中。
24             for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
25                 Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
26                 pool.execute(myrun);
27             }
28         } catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
29             e.printStackTrace();
30             // 關閉線程池
31             pool.shutdown();
32         }
33     }
34 }
35 
36 class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
37     private String name;
38     public MyRunnable(String name) {
39         this.name = name;
40     }
41     @Override
42     public void run() {
43         try {
44             System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
45             Thread.sleep(200);
46         } catch (Exception e) {
47             e.printStackTrace();
48         }
49     }
50 }
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(某一次)運行結果

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java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1774)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:768)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:656)
    at AbortPolicyDemo.main(AbortPolicyDemo.java:27)
task-0 is running.
task-1 is running.
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結果說明:將"線程池的拒絕策略"由DiscardPolicy修改為AbortPolicy之後,當有任務添加到線程池被拒絕時,會拋出RejectedExecutionException。

4. CallerRunsPolicy 示例

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 1 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 2 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
 3 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 4 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 5 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy;
 6 
 7 public class CallerRunsPolicyDemo {
 8 
 9     private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
10     private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
11 
12     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
13 
14         // 創建線程池。線程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都為1(THREADS_SIZE),"線程池"的阻塞隊列容量為1(CAPACITY)。
15         ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
16                 new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
17         // 設置線程池的拒絕策略為"CallerRunsPolicy"
18         pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
19 
20         // 新建10個任務,並將它們添加到線程池中。
21         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
22             Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
23             pool.execute(myrun);
24         }
25 
26         // 關閉線程池
27         pool.shutdown();
28     }
29 }
30 
31 class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
32     private String name;
33     public MyRunnable(String name) {
34         this.name = name;
35     }
36     @Override
37     public void run() {
38         try {
39             System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
40             Thread.sleep(100);
41         } catch (Exception e) {
42             e.printStackTrace();
43         }
44     }
45 }
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(某一次)運行結果

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task-2 is running.
task-3 is running.
task-4 is running.
task-5 is running.
task-6 is running.
task-7 is running.
task-8 is running.
task-9 is running.
task-0 is running.
task-1 is running.
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結果說明:將"線程池的拒絕策略"由DiscardPolicy修改為CallerRunsPolicy之後,當有任務添加到線程池被拒絕時,線程池會將被拒絕的任務添加到"線程池正在運行的線程"中取運行。

Java - "JUC線程池" 線程狀態與拒絕策略源碼分析