ORACLE表空間操作實例
阿新 • • 發佈:2017-09-09
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本文主要介紹oracle表空間常見的操作實例,包括創建、查詢、增加、刪除、修改。表空間和數據文件常用的數據字典和動態性能視圖包括v$dbfile、v$datafile、dba_segments、user_segments、dba_data_files、v$tablespace、dba_tablespaces、user_tablespaces。
創建表空間
1、創建數據表空間
CREATE TABLESPACE test DATAFILE ‘/opt/oracle/oradata/test.dbf‘ SIZE 1024M;
2、創建undo表空間
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs DATAFILE ‘/opt/oracle/oradata/undotbs.dbf‘ SIZE 1024M;
3、創建臨時表空間
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE ‘/opt/oracle/oradata/temp.dbf‘ SIZE 1024M;
查詢表空間
1、查詢oracle系統用戶的默認表空間和臨時表空間
select default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users where username = ‘USER‘;
2、查看系統當前默認的數據表空間和臨時表空間
select * from dba_properties where property_name like ‘DEFAULT%‘ ; #查詢 alter database default tablespace DATATBS2; #修改默認數據表空間 alter database default temporary tablespace TEMP2; #修改默認臨時表空間
3、查看所有表空間、數據文件及表空間的數據文件
select * from v$datafile; #查看數據文件 select * from v$tempfile; #查看臨時文件 select * from v$tablespace; #查詢所有表空間 select file_name,tablespace_name fromdba_data_files; #查看表空間對應的數據文件 select sum(d.bytes)/1024/1024/1024 ||‘G‘ as total_bytes,d.tablespace_name from dba_datafiles d where d.tablespace_name = ‘UNDOTBS‘ group by d.tablespace_name; #查看表空間文件大小 select bytes/1024/1024/1024 as "Size(G)",name from v$tempfile order by bytes; #查看臨時文件大小
4、查看用戶表占用空間大小
#USER_SEGMENTS SELECT SEGMENT_NAME TABLE_NAME,SUM(BYTES)/(1024*1024) "TABLE_SIZE[MB]" FROM USER_SEGMENTS WHERE SEGMENT_TYPE=‘TABLE‘ AND SEGMENT_NAME=‘TABLE_NAME‘ GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME; #DBA_SEGMENTS,shell編程中常用 SELECT SEGMENT_NAME TABLE_NAME,SUM(BYTES)/(1024*1024) "TABLE_SIZE[MB]" FROM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE SEGMENT_TYPE=‘TABLE‘ AND SEGMENT_NAME=‘TABLE_NAME‘ GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME;
5、查詢單張表占用空間大小
select segment_name,bytes from dba_segments where segment_name = ‘TABLE_NAME‘ and owner = ‘USER‘;
6、查詢所有用戶表占用空間的前十名
select * from (select segment_name,bytes from dba_segments where owner = ‘USER‘ order by bytes desc ) where rownum <= 10;
7、查詢表空間使用情況
select total.tablespace_name, round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB, round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB, round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || ‘%‘ as Used_Pct from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) free, (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) total where free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name;
8、查詢表空間總大小
select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name;
9、查詢表空間剩余大小
select tablespace_name, count(*) as extends, round(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 2) as MB, sum(blocks) as blocks from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;
修改表空間狀態
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,BLOCK_SIEZE,STATUS FROM DBA_TABLESPACE; #查看表空間狀態 SLEECT NAME,BLOKC_SIZE,STATUS FROM V$DATAFILE; #查看數據文件狀態 ALTER TABLESPACE DATATBS OFFLINE; #使表空間脫機 ALTER TABLESPACE DATATBS OFFLINE FOR RECOVER; #如果是意外刪除了數據文件,則必須帶有RECOVER選項 ALTER TABLESPACE DATATBS ONLINE; #使表空間聯機 ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 OFFLINE; #使數據文件脫機 ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 ONLINE; #使數據文件聯機 ALTER TABLESPACE DATATBS READ WRITE; #使表空間可讀寫
擴展表空間
SQL> alter tablespace tablespacename add datafile ‘/home/oracle/add_tablespacename.dbf‘ size 1024M; #增加數據文件方式,不允許自動增長 SQL> alter tablespace tablespacename add datafile ‘/home/oracle/add_tablespacename.dbf‘ size 1024M autoextend on next 5M maxsize 2048M; #增加數據文件方式且允許自動增長 SQL> alter database datafile ‘/home/oracle/tablespace.dbf‘ autoextend on next 5M maxsize 2048M; #允許已存在的數據文件自動擴展 SQL> alter database datafile ‘/home/oracle/tablespace.dbf‘ resize 2048M; # 改變當前數據文件大小 #調整臨時表空間文件 SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile ‘/home/oracle/temp2.dbf‘ size 2048M; #擴展臨時表空間大小,默認autoextend off SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile ‘/home/oracle/temp2.dbf‘ size 1024M antoextend on next 128M maxsize 2048M; #擴展臨時表空間大小 SQL> alter database tempfile ‘/home/oracle/temp.dbf‘ resize 2048M;
刪除表空間
DROP TABLESPACE DATATBS INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;
說明:including contents 字句用來刪除段,and datafiles 字句用來刪除數據文件,cascade constraints 字句用來刪除所有的引用完整性約束
相關實例
1、移動表空間數據文件
SQL> select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files where file_name=‘/opt/oracle/oradata/datatbs.dbf‘; SQL> alter tablespace datatbs offline; SQL> host move /opt/oracle/oradata/datatbs.dbf /home/oracle/datatbs.dbf; SQL> alter tablespace datatbs rename datafile ‘/opt/oracle/oradata/datatbs.dbf‘ to ‘/home/oracle/datatbs.dbf‘; SQL> alter tablespace datatbs online;
ORACLE表空間操作實例