1.安裝

VMware Tools

安裝vmware-tools工具

步驟1、點擊---->虛擬機----->安裝Vmware Tools

步驟2、df -h

[root@server253 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 20G 8.3G 11G 45% /

/dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% /boot

tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev/shm

/dev/scd0 2.8G 2.8G 0 100% /media/Enterprise Linux dvd 20090908

步驟3、掛在VMwareTools鏡像

mount /dev/scd0 /mnt/

df -h

[root@server253 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 20G 8.3G 11G 45% /

/dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% /boot

tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev/shm

/dev/scd0 2.8G 2.8G 0 100% /media/Enterprise Linux dvd 20090908

/dev/scd0 2.8G 2.8G 0 100% /mnt

步驟4、cp /mnt/VMwareTools… /etc/opt/

cd /opt/

ls

步驟5、解壓VMwareTools包

tar -zxvf VMwareTools…

cd vmware-tools-distrib

ls

步驟6、./vmware-install.pl

一路回車

最後reboot一下

2.配置ip地址

計算機名

配置主機

防火墻設置

1，配置IP地址

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

/etc/init.d/network restart

chkconfig network on

ifconfig eth0

2，配置計算機名字

vim /etc/sysconfig/network

修改臨時主機名

hostname server253.oracle.com

3，配置主機

vim /etc/hosts

ping server253.oracle.com

ping server253

4，防火墻設置

system-config-securitylevel

1. 點擊虛擬機---->設置----->CD\DVD(SATA)---->使用ISO映像文件(M)---->

設備狀態---->勾選上已連接

df -h

mount /dev/scd0 /mnt/

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/server.repo

[base]

name=rhel5.4

baseurl=file:///mnt/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

4.檢查軟件的 必要性

Checking the Software Requirements

[root@server253 ~]rpm -qa|grep compat-db

[root@server253 ~]# yum -y install compat-db

[root@server253 ~]# rpm -qa|grep pdksh

[root@server253 ~]# yum -y install pdksh

[root@server253 ~]# rpm -qa|grep sysstat

[root@server253 ~]# yum -y install sysstat

5.檢查網絡步 驟

1. ifconfig eth0

1. vim /etc/sysconfig/network

   
   

2. system-config-securitylevel
   

6.配置名稱解 析

vim /etc/hosts

ping server253.oracle.com

ping server253

7. 創建安裝軟 件需要賬戶 名和組

8. 判斷nobody 是否存在

Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users

創建三個用戶

[root@server253 ~]# useradd dba

[root@server253 ~]# useradd oinstall

[root@server253 ~]# useradd oper

[root@server253 ~]# id oracle

uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oracle) groups=500(oracle)

將用戶加入到組

usermod -g oinstall -G oinstall,dba,oper,oracle oracle

[root@server253 ~]# id oracle

uid=500(oracle) gid=502(oinstall) groups=502(oinstall),500(oracle),501(dba),503(oper)

8,Verifying that the User nobody Exists 判斷nobody是否存在

原因：外部作業必須存在nobody

[root@server253 ~]# id nobody

uid=99(nobody) gid=99(nobody) groups=99(nobody)

9. 內核參數

Configuring Kernel Parameters

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

-shmall :該參數表示系統依次可以使用的共享內存段的總容量（以頁為單位）。默認值是2097152，通常不需要修改

-shmmax:該參數定義了單個進程能夠使用的共享內存段的最大尺寸（以字節為單位），默認為32MB，對於ORACLE來說，該默認值太低了，通常將其設置為2GB

-shmmin:該內核參數用於設置系統範圍內共享內存段的最大個數，該參數的默認值是4096，通常不需要更改

-sem:該參數表示設置的信號量

-file-max: 該參數表示文件句柄的最大數量，文件句柄設置表示在linux系統中可以打開的文件數量

[root@server253 ~]# sysctl -p

10. 配置SHELL 限制

配置SHELL限制

a,vim /etc/security/limits.conf

b,vi /etc/pam.d/login

c,Depending on the oracle user's default shell

vi /etc/profile

11. 創建所需 要的目錄

創建所需要的目錄

Identifying Required Software Directories

a,Oracle Base Directory--- 根目錄 必須手工創建

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

b,Oracle Inventory Directory

名字：oracle_base/oraInventory --產品清單列表

/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory You do not need to create it. 安裝自動創建

c,Oracle Home Directory 軟件所安裝的目錄

每安裝一個產品都會有一相應的oralce home目錄，You do not need to create this directory.

建議你們創建

/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

d,命令

# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

測試

ll /u01/app

12.配置oracle 用戶環境

Configuring the oracle User's Environment

su - oracle

cd /home/oracle

vim .bash_profile

[root@server253 ~]# source .bash_profile

13.準備安裝介 質

a,如何將安裝介質上傳到linux

b,tool

c,使用root上傳，使用解壓，查看權限

unzip 包名

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

chmod -R 775 /u01

14. su -

oracle

[oracle@server253 ~]$ su - root

[root@server253 ~]# xhost +

access control disabled, clients can connect from any host

[root@server253 ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@server253 ~]$ xclock

15.

安裝你的數據庫軟件

16.安裝過程要 做的事情

[oracle@server253 ~]$ cd /u01/database/

[oracle@server253 database]$ ./runInstaller

a,vim /home/oracle/.base_profile

b,不要選默認創建數據庫，這裏只是安裝數據庫軟件

c.最後以root身份執行2個腳本：

orainstRoot.sh==用來更新最終的產品清單信息

root.sh ==根據當前主機的信息生成一些使用腳本，如dbca

[oracle@server253 ~]$ source .bash_profile

[oracle@server253 ~]$ cd /u01/database/

[oracle@server253 database]$ ./runInstaller

[root@localhost /]# /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

[root@localhost /]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh

第二部分：創建偵聽

[oracle@server253 ~]$ netca

-bash: netca: command not found

查看netca所在的路徑

[oracle@server253 bin]$ ls netca

netca

[oracle@server253 bin]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin

[oracle@server253 ~]$ vim .bash_profile

[oracle@server253 ~]$ source .bash_profile

[oracle@server253 ~]$ netca

[oracle@server253 ~]$ lsnrctl status

[oracle@server253 ~]$ netstat -tunlp |grep 1521

(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info

will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14633/tnslsnr

第三部分：創建數據庫

------------創建數據庫-----dbca--

一是采用腳本的方式

二是采用圖形界面

[oracle@server253 ~]$ dbca

使用DBCA創建第一個數據庫：orcl

全局數據庫名：數據庫名+域名

oracle sid： 實例名

默認實例名和數據庫名一樣，也可以不一樣

enterprise manager (EM)

EM采用網頁形式對數據庫進行管理

有2種類型的EM：

一是采用GRID CONTROL-它可以管理多臺主機以及多個數據庫，必須在主機上安裝agent

二是采用Database control 只能管理一個數據庫

數據庫管理方式

1 grid control 默認不可選，原因：你沒有配置grid contol agent

2 dbconsole 管理

一定要選擇此模板

查看創建的數據庫信息

[oracle@server253 orcl]$ ls

adump bdump cdump dpdump pfile udump

[oracle@server253 orcl]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl

cd admin/實例名/ 審計 跟蹤 警告日誌

[oracle@server253 admin]$ cd orcl/bdump/

[oracle@server253 bdump]$ ls

alert_orcl.log orcl_lgwr_16683.trc orcl_lgwr_16778.trc orcl_lgwr_16845.trc

cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/實例名/ 數據庫文件

這裏十二個文件要寫腳本

[oracle@server253 orcl]$ ls

control01.ctl example01.dbf redo03.log temp01.dbf

control02.ctl redo01.log sysaux01.dbf undotbs01.dbf

control03.ctl redo02.log system01.dbf users01.dbf

[oracle@server253 orcl]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

ps -elf |grep ora

[oracle@server253 dbs]$ ps -elf|grep ora

0 S root 3548 3523 0 78 0 - 494 stext Aug13 ? 00:00:10 hald-addon-storage: polling /dev/scd0

4 S root 9164 6840 0 77 0 - 1230 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 su - oracle

4 S oracle 9165 9164 0 76 0 - 1135 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 -bash

4 S root 9261 9216 0 77 0 - 1230 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 su - oracle

4 S oracle 9262 9261 0 75 0 - 1135 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 -bash

4 S root 9893 9753 0 77 0 - 1230 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 su - oracle

4 S oracle 9894 9893 0 75 0 - 1135 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 -bash

4 S root 10010 9967 0 77 0 - 1230 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 su - oracle

4 S oracle 10011 10010 0 75 0 - 1135 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 -bash

4 S root 14109 4694 0 77 0 - 1230 wait Aug13 pts/1 00:00:00 su - oracle

4 S oracle 14110 14109 0 76 0 - 1135 - Aug13 pts/1 00:00:00 -bash

0 S oracle 14633 1 0 76 0 - 10567 stext Aug13 ? 00:00:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit

0 S oracle 16837 1 0 78 0 - 250810 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl

0 S oracle 16839 1 0 78 0 - 250657 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl

0 S oracle 16841 1 0 78 0 - 250657 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl

0 S oracle 16843 1 0 78 0 - 251174 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl

0 S oracle 16845 1 0 76 0 - 254545 - Aug13 ? 00:00:01 ora_lgwr_orcl

0 S oracle 16847 1 0 78 0 - 250781 - Aug13 ? 00:00:03 ora_ckpt_orcl

0 S oracle 16849 1 0 77 0 - 251051 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl

0 S oracle 16851 1 0 80 0 - 250657 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl

0 S oracle 16853 1 0 75 0 - 251056 - Aug13 ? 00:00:01 ora_cjq0_orcl

0 S oracle 16855 1 0 78 0 - 251353 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl

0 S oracle 16857 1 0 78 0 - 250657 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl

0 S oracle 16859 1 0 78 0 - 250817 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl

0 S oracle 16861 1 0 75 0 - 250809 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl

0 S oracle 16866 1 0 79 0 - 250657 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl

0 S oracle 17090 1 0 78 0 - 251063 - Aug13 ? 00:00:02 ora_j000_orcl

0 S oracle 17811 1 0 75 0 - 251044 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl

0 S oracle 17813 1 0 78 0 - 250656 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl

0 S oracle 17856 1 0 75 0 - 2031 - Aug13 pts/1 00:00:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/perl/bin/perl /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/emwd.pl dbconsole /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl/sysman/log/emdb.nohup

0 S oracle 17881 17856 0 78 0 - 148091 stext Aug13 pts/1 00:00:29 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/jdk/bin/java -server -Xmx256M -XX:MaxPermSize=96m -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=20 -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=40 -DORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 -Doracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j -Doracle.oc4j.localhome=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl/sysman -DEMSTATE=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl -Doracle.j2ee.dont.use.memory.archive=true -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=HTTPClient -Doracle.security.jazn.config=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_server253.oracle.com_orcl/config/jazn.xml -Djava.security.policy=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_server253.oracle.com_orcl/config/java2.policy -Djava.security.properties=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/config/jazn.security.props -DEMDROOT=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl -Dsysman.md5password=true -Drepapi.oracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 -Ddisable.checkForUpdate=true -Djava.awt.headless=true -jar /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/oc4j.jar -config /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_server253.oracle.com_orcl/config/server.xml

0 S oracle 18060 1 0 77 0 - 253384 - Aug13 ? 00:00:03 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle 18062 1 0 75 0 - 251086 - Aug13 ? 00:00:01 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle 18064 1 0 75 0 - 251348 - Aug13 ? 00:00:05 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle 19902 17856 0 77 0 - 14604 stext Aug13 pts/1 00:00:03 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/emagent

0 S oracle 19945 1 0 76 0 - 251627 - Aug13 ? 00:00:02 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle 19956 1 0 75 0 - 251093 - Aug13 ? 00:00:01 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle 24484 1 0 76 0 - 251073 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle 24953 1 0 79 0 - 251081 - 00:00 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle 24957 1 0 78 0 - 251084 - 00:00 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 R oracle 25086 10011 0 77 0 - 1065 - 00:02 pts/2 00:00:00 ps -elf

0 R oracle 25087 10011 0 78 0 - 980 - 00:02 pts/2 00:00:00 grep ora

還多了一個文件夾

[oracle@server253 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@server253 db_1]$ ls

assistants has log oraInst.loc server253.oracle.com_orcl

bin hs md ord slax

cdata install mesg oui sqlj

cfgtoollogs install.platform mgw owm sqlplus

clone inventory network perl srvm

config javavm nls plsql sysman

crs jdbc oc4j precomp uix

css jdk odbc racg wwg

ctx jlib olap rdbms xdk

dbs jre OPatch relnotes

demo ldap opmn root.sh

diagnostics lib oracore root.sh.old

[oracle@server253 db_1]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

這裏的實例在啟動的時候，第一個讀到的是spfileorcl.ora文件，一旦此文件丟了，你的實例就崩啦，以後排錯，第一個要修復的文件就是這個文件

[oracle@server253 db_1]$ cd dbs

[oracle@server253 dbs]$ ls

hc_orcl.dat initdw.ora init.ora lkORCL orapworcl spfileorcl.ora

[oracle@server253 dbs]$

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

-bash: sqlplus: command not found

[oracle@server253 ~]$ vim .bash_profile

umask 022

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_SID=orcl

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME PATH

[oracle@server253 ~]$ source .bash_profile

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 00:15:00 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL>

方法一：

SQL> select * from tab;

3643 rows selected.

方法二：

SQL> shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 00:22:38 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL>

啟動過程中有三個過程

1. no mount

2. mount

3. open

如果三個過程都OK，那麽數據庫啟動成功

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 926941184 bytes

Fixed Size 1222672 bytes

Variable Size 243271664 bytes

Database Buffers 679477248 bytes

Redo Buffers 2969600 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL>

第四部分：oracle登錄模式

oracle登錄模式

連接基本使用

1. 連接--

1、EM-企業化管理器（圖形管理）

2、isqlplus--（JAVA）

3、sqlplus

sqlplus賬號/密碼 as sysdba

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 06:27:25 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL>

例如：

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus xiaoming/oracle as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 06:29:53 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> show user

USER is "SYS"

SQL>

所以系統賬號還可以這樣登錄

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 06:31:08 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL>

註：只要你的oracle賬號可以登錄到你的系統上面來，那麽你的SQL就可以登錄

SQL> show user

USER is "SYS"

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

[oracle@server253 ~]$

oracle數據庫在創建的時候，提供三個賬號：

sys

scott

hr

scott賬號默認登錄的時候，密碼為tiger，但是登錄時候發現賬號被鎖定了

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 06:44:42 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-28000: the account is locked

Enter user-name:

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> show user

USER is "SYS"

SQL> alter user scott account unlock ;

User altered.

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 06:49:14 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-28001: the password has expired

Changing password for scott

New password:

Retype new password:

Password changed

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> show user

USER is "SCOTT"

SQL>

SQL> show user

USER is "SCOTT"

SQL> alter user scott identified by redhat;

User altered.

註意：註意：用戶自己本身也可以修改自己的密碼，一般情況是不被允許的

SQL> alter user scott account unlock identified by oracle;

alter user scott account unlock identified by oracle

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

SQL> show user;

USER is "SYS"

SQL> alter user scott account unlock identified by oracle;

User altered.

SQL>

sqlplus / as sysdba;

alter user hr account unlock identified by redhat;

exit

sqlplus hr/redhat;

show user;

----conn hr/redhat---- 切換到hr賬號上面

----conn / as sysdba-- 切換到sys賬號上面

---conn sys/oracle as sysdba---切換到sys賬號上面

SQL> show user

USER is "SYS"

SQL> alter user hr account unlock identified by redhat;

User altered.

SQL> show user;

USER is "SYS"

SQL> conn scott/oracle

Connected.

SQL> show user;

USER is "SCOTT"

SQL>

--------------------------幫助-----------------------------------

---help index ---幫助索引

---？shutdown---- 查找shutdown的使用功能

---？set-----查找set的使用功能

SQL> help index

Enter Help [topic] for help.

@ COPY PAUSE SHUTDOWN

@@ DEFINE PRINT SPOOL

/ DEL PROMPT SQLPLUS

ACCEPT DESCRIBE QUIT START

APPEND DISCONNECT RECOVER STARTUP

ARCHIVE LOG EDIT REMARK STORE

ATTRIBUTE EXECUTE REPFOOTER TIMING

BREAK EXIT REPHEADER TTITLE

BTITLE GET RESERVED WORDS (SQL) UNDEFINE

CHANGE HELP RESERVED WORDS (PL/SQL) VARIABLE

CLEAR HOST RUN WHENEVER OSERROR

COLUMN INPUT SAVE WHENEVER SQLERROR

COMPUTE LIST SET

CONNECT PASSWORD SHOW

SQL> ? shutdown

SHUTDOWN

--------

Shuts down a currently running Oracle Database instance, optionally

closing and dismounting a database.

SHUTDOWN [ABORT|IMMEDIATE|NORMAL|TRANSACTIONAL [LOCAL]]

SQL> ? set

SET

---

Sets a system variable to alter the SQL*Plus environment settings

for your current session. For example, to:

- set the display width for data

- customize HTML formatting

- enable or disable printing of column headings

- set the number of lines per page

In iSQL*Plus, you can also use the Preferences screen to set

system variables.

SET system_variable value

where system_variable and value represent one of the following clauses:

APPI[NFO]{OFF|ON|text} NUM[WIDTH] {10|n}

ARRAY[SIZE] {15|n} PAGES[IZE] {14|n}

AUTO[COMMIT] {OFF|ON|IMM[EDIATE]|n} PAU[SE] {OFF|ON|text}

AUTOP[RINT] {OFF|ON} RECSEP {WR[APPED]|EA[CH]|OFF}

AUTORECOVERY {OFF|ON} RECSEPCHAR {_|c}

AUTOT[RACE] {OFF|ON|TRACE[ONLY]} SERVEROUT[PUT] {ON|OFF}

[EXP[LAIN]] [STAT[ISTICS]] [SIZE {n | UNLIMITED}] [FOR[MAT]

BLO[CKTERMINATOR] {.|c|ON|OFF} {WRA[PPED] |

CMDS[EP] {;|c|OFF|ON} WOR[D_WRAPPED] |

COLSEP {_|text} TRU[NCATED]}]

CON[CAT] {.|c|ON|OFF} *SHIFT[INOUT] {VIS[IBLE] |

COPYC[OMMIT] {0|n} INV[ISIBLE]}

COPYTYPECHECK {ON|OFF} *SHOW[MODE] {OFF|ON}

DEF[INE] {&|c|ON|OFF} *SQLBL[ANKLINES] {OFF|ON}

DESCRIBE [DEPTH {1|n|ALL}] SQLC[ASE] {MIX[ED] |

[LINENUM {OFF|ON}] [INDENT {OFF|ON}] LO[WER] | UP[PER]}

ECHO {OFF|ON} *SQLCO[NTINUE] {> | text}

*EDITF[ILE] file_name[.ext] *SQLN[UMBER] {ON|OFF}

EMB[EDDED] {OFF|ON} SQLPLUSCOMPAT[IBILITY] {x.y[.z]}

ESC[APE] {\|c|OFF|ON} *SQLPRE[FIX] {#|c}

FEED[BACK] {6|n|ON|OFF} *SQLP[ROMPT] {SQL>|text}

FLAGGER {OFF|ENTRY|INTERMED[IATE]|FULL} SQLT[ERMINATOR] {;|c|ON|OFF}

*FLU[SH] {ON|OFF} *SUF[FIX] {SQL|text}

HEA[DING] {ON|OFF} *TAB {ON|OFF}

HEADS[EP] {||c|ON|OFF} *TERM[OUT] {ON|OFF}

INSTANCE [instance_path|LOCAL] *TI[ME] {OFF|ON}

LIN[ESIZE] {80|n} ({150|n} iSQL*Plus) TIMI[NG] {OFF|ON}

LOBOF[FSET] {1|n} *TRIM[OUT] {ON|OFF}

LOGSOURCE [pathname] *TRIMS[POOL] {OFF|ON}

LONG {80|n} UND[ERLINE] {-|c|ON|OFF}

LONGC[HUNKSIZE] {80|n} VER[IFY] {ON|OFF}

MARK[UP] HTML [OFF|ON] WRA[P] {ON|OFF}

[HEAD text] [BODY text] [TABLE text] XQUERY {BASEURI text|

[ENTMAP {ON|OFF}] ORDERING{UNORDERED|

[SPOOL {OFF|ON}] ORDERED|DEFAULT}|

[PRE[FORMAT] {OFF|ON}] NODE{BYVALUE|BYREFERENCE|

NEWP[AGE] {1|n|NONE} DEFAULT}|

NULL text CONTEXT text}

NUMF[ORMAT] format

An asterisk (*) indicates the SET option is not supported in iSQL*Plus.

---需要安裝rlwrap包----

因為是源碼包，所以有點麻煩

.gz結尾的包

所以gunzip rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz

rlwrap-0.37.tar

tar -xvf rlwrap-0.37.tar

源代碼安裝其實是最簡單的，不用搭建yum倉庫

第一種方式：分兩步解開

只要一步就可以解開帶.gz的壓縮包

tar -zxvf rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz

vim REDEAME 查看安裝說明

搜索

：/INSTALL

/INSTALL

源碼包安裝方式，需要兩步，其實下面就合成了一步

./configure; make install

需要root權限安裝rlwrap-0.37.tar

./configure; make install

如果安裝不成功需要檢查這兩個軟件包是否有安裝

ls |grep readline

readline-5.1-3.el5.i386.rpm

readline-devel-5.1-3.el5.i386.rpm

rpm -qa|grep readline

ls |grep libter

libtermcap-2.0.8-46.1.i386.rpm

libtermcap-devel-2.0.8-46.1.i386.rpm

rpm -qa|grep libter

---------檢驗------------

su - oracle

sqlplus / as sysdba;

selecct * from tab;

exit

發現報錯，使用不了

因為rlwrap是安裝在linux系統上面的，所以每次使用的時候都必須告訴oracle系統

rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba;

現在發現是可以上翻看，下查看的

可以通過取別名來實現

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus' 不過這個是臨時的

要想要永久的生效需要在oracle家目錄下面配置.bash_profile文件

ls -a

vim .bash_profile

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus' 添加這一項即可

保存退出後source .bash_profile

第五部分：oracle下面的文本編輯器

為解決這個問題

SQL> select ename,sal,hiredata

2 from emp

3 where sal=800

4 ;

select ename,sal,hiredata

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00904: "HIREDATA": invalid identifier

------需要修改編輯器------

su - oracle

vim .bash_profile

EDITOR=vim

export EDITOR

source .bash_profile

SQL> conn scott/oracle

Connected.

SQL> show user

USER is "SCOTT"

SQL> select ename,sal,hiredata

2 from emp

3 where sal=800

4 ;

select ename,sal,hiredata

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00904: "HIREDATA": invalid identifier

敲一個ed，進行糾正編輯

SQL> ed

Wrote file afiedt.buf

1 select ename,sal,hiredate

2 from emp

3* where sal=800

4 ;

或者

SQL> ed

Wrote file afiedt.buf

1 select ename,sal,hiredate

2 from emp

3* where sal=800

4 /

ENAME SAL HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------

SMITH 800 17-DEC-80

SQL>

SQL> /

ENAME SAL HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------

SMITH 800 17-DEC-80

SQL>

！也可以退出oracle數據庫

l列出oracle數據裏面的緩存信息

scott模式下面所有的對象

scott這人賬號裏面一共有四個對象

這裏的對象叫表

SQL> /

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------

DEPT TABLE

EMP TABLE

BONUS TABLE

SALGRADE TABLE

得到表裏面產生的信息

SQL> select * from EMP

2 ;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------

DEPTNO

----------

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800

20

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300

30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500

30

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------

DEPTNO

----------

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975

20

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400

30

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850

30

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------

DEPTNO

----------

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450

10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000

20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000

10

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------

DEPTNO

----------

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0

30

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100

20

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950

30

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------

DEPTNO

----------

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000

20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300

10

14 rows selected.

我現在想要知道EMP裏面有哪些列？

從emp表裏面得到了8個列

SQL> desc emp

Name Null? Type

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(4)

ENAME VARCHAR2(10)

JOB VARCHAR2(9)

MGR NUMBER(4)

HIREDATE DATE

SAL NUMBER(7,2)

COMM NUMBER(7,2)

DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL>

SQL> select empno,ename,sal from emp;

/ 通過/可以再次執行一遍

-------------如何永久的保存--------

SQL> select ename,sal from emp;

SQL> save /u01/a.sql

Created file /u01/a.sql

註意保存一定要保存絕對路徑

------------如何調用保存的腳步----------

第一種方法：@/u01/a.sql 就可以直接的調出來

第二鐘方法：start /u01/a.sql

-------將保存的命令調到緩存但是不執行-------

SQL> get /u01/b.sql

1 select ename,sal

2 from emp

3* where sal=3000

get調出來，但是不執行

----------------我想要臨時的切換到linux環境下面怎麽辦-----------------------

！就可以到linux環境

exit從linux環境又切換到oracle環境

----------------直接退出oracle環境--------------

exit 在oracle環境下面直接的輸入exit就可以直接的退出oracle環境

host和！功能一樣

---------在不退出oracle的環境下刪除u01下面的a.sql--------

SQL> rm -rf /u01/a.sql

SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "rm -rf /u0..." - rest of line ignored.

SQL>

---在前面添加一個感嘆號即可完成-----

SQL> ! rm -rf /u01/a.sql

SQL> ! ls /u01

10201_database_linux32.zip app database rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz.bak

afiedt.buf b.sql rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz

SQL>

SQL> ! mkdir /u01/aa

SQL> ! ls -l /u01

total 654232

-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 668734007 Nov 6 2009 10201_database_linux32.zip

drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 13 00:48 aa

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 43 Aug 13 00:33 afiedt.buf

drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 8 22:38 app

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 43 Aug 13 00:32 b.sql

drwxr-xr-x 6 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 3 2005 database

-rwxrw-rw- 1 root root 251438 Nov 19 2011 rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz

-rwxr--r-- 1 root root 251438 Aug 12 21:55 rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz.bak

SQL>

---------------要求是把查詢使用的命令加上查詢的結果全部都保存下來----------------

SQL> spool /u01/a.txt

SQL> select ename from emp;

ENAME

----------

SMITH

ALLEN

WARD

JONES

MARTIN

BLAKE

CLARK

SCOTT

KING

TURNER

ADAMS

ENAME

----------

JAMES

FORD

MILLER

14 rows selected.

SQL> spool off 結果大功告成

SQL> !

[oracle@server253 u01]$ ls

10201_database_linux32.zip app database

aa a.txt rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz

afiedt.buf b.sql rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz.bak

[oracle@server253 u01]$ vim a.txt

[oracle@server253 u01]$

vim a.txt