Gradle：Gradle入門
一、安裝Gradle?
1.首先確保你安裝的JDK1.5或以上版本號。?
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS>java -version java version "1.8.0_65" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_65-b17) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.65-b01, mixed mode)
2.從官方站點下載對應的版本號，將下載文件解壓到某個文件夾；
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS>gradle -v ------------------------------------------------------------ Gradle 2.2.1 ------------------------------------------------------------ Build time: 2014-11-24 09:45:35 UTC Build number: none Revision: 6fcb59c06f43a4e6b1bcb401f7686a8601a1fb4a Groovy: 2.3.6 Ant: Apache Ant(TM) version 1.9.3 compiled on December 23 2013 JVM: 1.8.0_45 (Oracle Corporation 25.45-b02) OS: Windows 7 6.1 amd64
二、開始使用Gradle?
1.每一個Gradle構建都是一個腳本開始的，構建默認的腳本名稱是build.gradle。
當運行gradle命令的時候。Gradle會去尋找名字為build.gradle的文件。
假設找不到，就會顯示一個幫助信息。?
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle :help Welcome to Gradle 2.2.1. To run a build, run gradle <task> ... To see a list of available tasks, run gradle tasks To see a list of command-line options, run gradle --help BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 3.132 secs
2.創建build.gradle文件，創建task叫做helloWorld，文件例如以下。並運行該任務：gradle -q?helloWord；?
build.gradle文件?
task helloWorld{
//task運行的最後一個目標
doLast {
println ‘Hello world!‘
}
} 運行task任務helloWord，通過-q定義可選命令行選項quiet。
?
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle -q helloWorld Hello world!
3.創建新的build.gradle文件，演示gradle的task依賴dependsOn來說明task之間的依賴，Gradle和Ant非常好的集成，定義動態task，運行時指定它們的名字；?
build.gradle文件?
task startSession << {
chant()
}
def chant() {
//隱含對Ant任務的使用
ant.echo(message: ‘Repeat after me ...‘)
}
//動態任務的定義
3.times {
task "yayGradle$it" << {
println ‘gradle tocks‘
}
}
//依賴任務
yayGradle0.dependsOn startSession
yayGradle2.dependsOn yayGradle1, yayGradle0
task groupTherapy (dependsOn: yayGradle2) 運行gradle構建，運行命令gralde?groupTherapy。gradle task運行順序：startSession->yayGradle0->yayGradle1->yayGradle2->groupTherapy；?
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle groupTherapy :startSession [ant:echo] Repeat after me ... :yayGradle0 gradle tocks :yayGradle1 gradle tocks :yayGradle2 gradle tocks :groupTherapy BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 3.83 secs
三、使用Gradle的命令行?
1.gradle提供了一個叫做tasks的幫助任務來幫助你查看構建腳本和顯示每一個能夠使用的task。包括描寫敘述該task作用的信息；?
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle -q tasks ------------------------------------------------------------ All tasks runnable from root project ------------------------------------------------------------ //任務組Build Setup，看做是多個task的集群 Build Setup tasks ----------------- init - Initializes a new Gradle build. [incubating] wrapper - Generates Gradle wrapper files. [incubating] //Help任務組。列出了任務名字和它們的描寫敘述 Help tasks ---------- components - Displays the components produced by root project ‘HelloWorld‘. [incubating] dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in root project ‘HelloWorld‘. dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in root project ‘HelloWorld‘. help - Displays a help message. projects - Displays the sub-projects of root project ‘HelloWorld‘. properties - Displays the properties of root project ‘HelloWorld‘. tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from root project ‘HelloWorld‘. //假設某個task不屬於不論什麽一個任務組。那麽它就會顯示在Other tasks中 Other tasks ----------- groupTherapy To see all tasks and more detail, run with --all.
2.查看構建腳本中定義的其它的task；?
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle -q tasks - -all
… …
Other tasks
-----------
//依賴關系圖的根task，以運行順序用縮進的方式列出依賴任務的名字
groupTherapy
startSession
yayGradle0
yayGradle1
yayGradle2 四、任務運行?
1.通過在命令行中通過多個參數，一次運行多個任務。?
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle yayGradle0 groupTherapy :startSession [ant:echo] Repeat after me ... :yayGradle0 gradle tocks :yayGradle1 gradle tocks :yayGradle2 gradle tocks :groupTherapy BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 3.826 secs
2.能夠使用駝峰式的縮寫在命令行上運行任務，任務名字的縮寫必須是唯一的，Gradle才幹找到對應的任務；?
正確運行?
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle yG0 gT :startSession [ant:echo] Repeat after me ... :yayGradle0 gradle tocks :yayGradle1 gradle tocks :yayGradle2 gradle tocks :groupTherapy BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 3.8 secs
錯誤運行?
build.gradle文件?
task groupTherapy << {
}
task generateTests << {
} C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle yG0 gT FAILURE: Build failed with an exception. * What went wrong: Task ‘yG0‘ not found in root project ‘HelloWorld‘. * Try: Run gradle tasks to get a list of available tasks. Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. BUILD FAILED Total time: 4.423 secs
3.在運行任務時排除一個任務，-x參數來實現；?
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle groupTherapy -x //gradle排除了和它依賴的任務yayGradle0和startSession yayGradle0 :yayGradle1 gradle tocks :yayGradle2 gradle tocks :groupTherapy BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 3.511 secs
五、命令行選項?
1.-?,h,- -help：打印全部可用的命令行選項。包括描寫敘述信息。?
2.-b,--build-file：運行一個特定名字的構建腳本。?
3.-i,--info：將Gradle的日誌級別的改變到INFO以獲得很多其它信息。?
4.-s,--stacktrace：構建在運行出現錯誤，有異常拋出時會打印出簡短的堆棧跟蹤信息。?
5.-q,--quiet：降低構建出錯時打印出來的錯誤日誌信息。?
?
六、Gradle守護進程?
1.守護進程以後臺進程方式運行Gradle。一旦啟動。gradle命令就會在興許的構建中重用之前創建的守護進行，以避免啟動時造成的開銷；?
2.--daemon選項，守護進行僅僅會被創建一次。即時你在命令加了--daemon選項。?
3.守護進行會在3個小時空暇時之後自己主動活期。?
4.--no-daemon，手動停止守護進程；?
C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle groupTherapy --daemon :startSession [ant:echo] Repeat after me ... :yayGradle0 gradle tocks :yayGradle1 gradle tocks :yayGradle2 gradle tocks :groupTherapy BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 2.171 secs
Gradle：Gradle入門