1. 程式人生 > >RabbitMQ.Net 應用(1)

RabbitMQ.Net 應用(1)

utf8 msg ssa 金融 count 不知道 six clu bind

概述

  MQ全稱為Message Queue, 消息隊列(MQ)是一種應用程序對應用程序的通信方法。RabbitMQ是一個在AMQP基礎上完整的,可復用的企業消息系統。他遵循Mozilla Public License開源協議。AMQP(高級消息隊列協議) 是一個異步消息傳遞所使用的應用層協議規範,作為線路層協議,而不是API(例如JMS),AMQP 客戶端能夠無視消息的來源任意發送和接受信息。AMQP的原始用途只是為金融界提供一個可以彼此協作的消息協議,而現在的目標則是為通用消息隊列架構提供通用構建工具。因此,面向消息的中間件 (MOM)系統,例如發布/訂閱隊列,沒有作為基本元素實現。AMQP當中有四個概念非常重要(一個虛擬主機持有一組交換機、隊列和綁定):

  1. virtual host,虛擬主機
  2. exchange,交換機
  3. queue,隊列
  4. binding,綁定

  更多理論性東西可以參考(在Windows上安裝Rabbit MQ 指南),針對隊列的講解相當詳細

Window下安裝RabbbitMQ

文件下載安裝

Rabbit MQ 是建立在強大的Erlang OTP平臺上,因此安裝Rabbit MQ的前提是安裝Erlang。通過下面兩個連接下載安裝3.2.3 版本:

  1. 下載並安裝 Erlang OTP For Windows (vR16B03)
  2. 運行安裝 Rabbit MQ Server Windows Installer (v3.2.3)

默認安裝的Rabbit MQ 監聽端口是5672。先安裝Erlang OTP後安裝RabbitMQ,安裝方式默認即可,RabbitMQ可以勾選安裝後臺服務、服務啟動和停止等操作。

激活Rabbit MQ‘s Management Plugin

使用Rabbit MQ 管理插件,可以更好的可視化方式查看Rabbit MQ 服務器實例的狀態,打開CMD命令,cd到安裝目錄(..\rabbitmq_server-3.2.3\sbin)下,輸入下面的命令激活:

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

要重啟服務才能生效,可以執行

net stop RabbitMQ && net start RabbitMQ

輸入網址,打開監控頁面: http://localhost:15672 (默認賬號和密碼:guest 和guest)

技術分享圖片

配置RabbitMQ用戶權限

RabbitMQ是存在用戶權限的,默認是guest 密碼也是guest,隸屬於Administrator管理員下。現需要配置新用戶和權限,繼續打開CMD命令,cd到安裝目錄sbin下:

用戶操作指令:

技術分享圖片
::查詢服務狀態
rabbitmqctl status

::列舉虛擬主機列表
rabbitmqctl list_vhosts
::列舉用戶列表
rabbitmqctl list_users

:: 添加用戶和密碼 rabbitmqctl add_user hao abc123 :: 設置權限 rabbitmqctl set_permissions yy ".*" ".*" ".*" :: 分配用戶組 rabbitmqctl set_user_tags yy administrator
:: 刪除guest用戶
rabbitmqctl delete_user guest
::修改用戶密碼
rabbitmqctl change_password {username} {newpassowrd}
技術分享圖片

.NET中RabbitMQ使用

1、Nuget下載RabbitMQ.Client第三方類庫,版本V3.6.5,高版本與.NET Framework 4.5有沖突,RabbitMQ Client地址

2、利用RabbitMQ Clinet類庫編碼(代碼內容有註釋,此處不做詳細解釋,文章後有完整代碼的下載地址)

  <1>RabbitMQ的direct類型Exchange

   Producter發送消息代碼:

技術分享圖片
        /// <summary>
        /// 連接配置
        /// </summary>
        private static readonly ConnectionFactory rabbitMqFactory = new ConnectionFactory(){
            HostName ="192.168.1.8",UserName="hao",Password="abc123",Port= 5672
        };
        /// <summary>
        /// 路由名稱
        /// </summary>
        const string ExchangeName = "justin.exchange";

        //隊列名稱
        const string QueueName = "justin.queue";
        public static void DirectExchangeSendMsg()
        {
            using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection())
            {
                using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
                {
                    channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, "direct", durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName);

                    var props = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
                    props.Persistent = true;
                    string vadata = Console.ReadLine();
                    while (vadata != "exit")
                    {
                        var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(vadata);
                        channel.BasicPublish(exchange: ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName, basicProperties: props, body: msgBody);        
                        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***發送時間:{0},發送完成,輸入exit退出消息發送",DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));
                        vadata = Console.ReadLine();
                    }                   
                }
            }
        }
技術分享圖片

   

  Customer接收消息代碼:

技術分享圖片
        /// <summary>
        /// 連接配置
        /// </summary>
        private static readonly ConnectionFactory rabbitMqFactory = new ConnectionFactory() {
            HostName = "192.168.1.8", UserName = "hao", Password = "abc123", Port = 5672
        };
        /// <summary>
        /// 路由名稱
        /// </summary>
        const string ExchangeName = "justin.exchange";

        //隊列名稱
        const string QueueName = "justin.queue";
        public static void DirectAcceptExchange()
        {
            using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection())
            {
                using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
                {
                    channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, "direct", durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName);
                    while (true)
                    { 
                        BasicGetResult msgResponse = channel.BasicGet(QueueName, noAck: true);
                        if (msgResponse != null)
                        {
                            var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(msgResponse.Body);
                            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收時間:{0},消息內容:{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"),msgBody));
                        }

                        //BasicGetResult msgResponse2 = channel.BasicGet(QueueName, noAck: false);

                        ////process message ...

                        //channel.BasicAck(msgResponse2.DeliveryTag, multiple: false);
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
技術分享圖片

  

  但是這種處理速度較慢,因為循環線程等待。高效的接收消息的方式可以使用EventingBasicConsumer進行消息接收處理,修改代碼內容如下:

技術分享圖片
        public static void DirectAcceptExchangeEvent()
        {
            using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection())
            {
                using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
                {
                    //channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, "direct", durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);
                    //channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName);
                    var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
                    consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
                    {                        
                        var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body);
                        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收時間:{0},消息內容:{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody));
                    };
                    channel.BasicConsume(QueueName, noAck: true, consumer: consumer);

                    //已過時用EventingBasicConsumer代替
                    //var consumer2 = new QueueingBasicConsumer(channel);
                    //channel.BasicConsume(QueueName, noAck: true, consumer: consumer);
                    //var msgResponse = consumer2.Queue.Dequeue(); //blocking
                    //var msgBody2 = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(msgResponse.Body);

                    Console.WriteLine("按任意值,退出程序");
                    Console.ReadKey();
                }
            }
        }
技術分享圖片

  

  但是有些時候,消費者同一時間沒有能力處理太多的業務,導致分配過來的隊列消息不能及時處理完成,這個時候,我們可以設置BasicQos屬性,告訴Broker同一時間將未處理完成的消息分配其他消費者,所以接收消息的地方需要略做修改,代碼如下:

技術分享圖片
public static void DirectAcceptExchangeTask()
{
    using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection())
    {
        using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
        {
            //channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, "direct", durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
            channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);
            channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: false);//告訴broker同一時間只處理一個消息
            //channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName);
            var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
            consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
            {
                var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body);
                Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收時間:{0},消息內容:{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody));
                int dots = msgBody.Split(‘.‘).Length - 1;
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(dots * 1000);
                Console.WriteLine(" [x] Done");
                //處理完成,告訴Broker可以服務端可以刪除消息,分配新的消息過來
                channel.BasicAck(deliveryTag: ea.DeliveryTag, multiple: false);
            };
            //noAck設置false,告訴broker,發送消息之後,消息暫時不要刪除,等消費者處理完成再說
            channel.BasicConsume(QueueName, noAck: false, consumer: consumer);

            Console.WriteLine("按任意值,退出程序");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}
技術分享圖片

  

  <2> RabbitMQ的Topic類型Exchange

  Producter 發送消息代碼:

技術分享圖片
        /// <summary>
        /// 連接配置
        /// </summary>
        private static readonly ConnectionFactory rabbitMqFactory = new ConnectionFactory(){
            HostName ="192.168.1.8",UserName="hao",Password="abc123",Port= 5672
        };
        /// <summary>
        /// 路由名稱
        /// </summary>
        const string TopExchangeName = "topic.justin.exchange";

        //隊列名稱
        const string TopQueueName = "topic.justin.queue";

        public static void TopicExchangeSendMsg()
        {
            using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection())
            {
                using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
                {
                    channel.ExchangeDeclare(TopExchangeName, "topic", durable: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueDeclare(TopQueueName, durable: false, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueBind(TopQueueName, TopExchangeName, routingKey: TopQueueName);
                    //var props = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
                    //props.Persistent = true;
                    string vadata = Console.ReadLine();
                    while (vadata != "exit")
                    {
                        var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(vadata);
                        channel.BasicPublish(exchange: TopExchangeName, routingKey: TopQueueName, basicProperties: null, body: msgBody);
                        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***發送時間:{0},發送完成,輸入exit退出消息發送", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));
                        vadata = Console.ReadLine();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
技術分享圖片

  Customer接收消息代碼:

技術分享圖片
        /// <summary>
        /// 連接配置
        /// </summary>
        private static readonly ConnectionFactory rabbitMqFactory = new ConnectionFactory() {
            HostName = "192.168.1.8", UserName = "hao", Password = "abc123", Port = 5672
        };

        /// <summary>
        /// 路由名稱
        /// </summary>
        const string TopExchangeName = "topic.justin.exchange";

        //隊列名稱
        const string TopQueueName = "topic.justin.queue";

        public static void TopicAcceptExchange()
        {
            using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection())
            {
                using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
                {
                    channel.ExchangeDeclare(TopExchangeName, "topic", durable: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueDeclare(TopQueueName, durable: false, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: false);
                    channel.QueueBind(TopQueueName, TopExchangeName, routingKey: TopQueueName);
                    var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
                    consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
                    {
                        var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body);
                        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收時間:{0},消息內容:{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody));
                        int dots = msgBody.Split(‘.‘).Length - 1;
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(dots * 1000);
                        Console.WriteLine(" [x] Done");
                        channel.BasicAck(deliveryTag: ea.DeliveryTag, multiple: false);
                    };
                    channel.BasicConsume(TopQueueName, noAck: false, consumer: consumer);

                    Console.WriteLine("按任意值,退出程序");
                    Console.ReadKey();
                }
            }
        }
技術分享圖片

參考資料:

在 Windows 上安裝Rabbit MQ 指南(http://www.cnblogs.com/shanyou/p/4067250.html)

.NET 環境中使用RabbitMQ(http://www.cnblogs.com/yangecnu/p/4227535.html)

RabbitMQ Tutorial(http://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-six-dotnet.html)

源代碼下載

知道的越多,不知道的也就越多,多多學習!

RabbitMQ.Net 應用(1)