MySQL是一種關系型數據庫管理系統，將數據庫保存在不同的表中，再將這些表放入不同的庫中，而不是將所有數據統一放在一個大倉庫中。

2.MySQL多實例介紹

2.1概念

在一臺服務器上同時開啟多個不同的服務器端口，同時運行多個MySQL服務進程，這些服務進程通過不同的socket監聽不同的服務端口來提供服務。

2.2作用

1）有效利用服務器資源

2）節約服務器資源

2.3應用場景

1）資金緊張型的公司選擇

2）並發訪問不是特別大的業務

3）門戶網站應用MySQL多實例場景

3.系統環境

[root@Cobbler ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

[root@Cobbler ~]# uname -r

3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64

[root@Cobbler ~]# getenforce

Disabled

[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service

● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)

Active: inactive (dead)

[root@Cobbler ~]# ip a

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:2b:8f:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 10.0.0.202/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:8fd6/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:2b:8f:e0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 172.16.1.202/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global eth1

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:8fe0/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4.安裝MySQL數據庫（MySQL數據庫版本：5.6.36）

4.1安裝依賴包

[root@Cobbler ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ automake autoconf git make cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel libaio-devel

4.2修改/tmp的權限

[root@Cobbler ~]# chmod 1777 /tmp

4.3創建軟件目錄

[root@Cobbler ~]# mkdir -p /server/tools

4.4下載MySQL軟件包

[root@Cobbler tools]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.6.36.tar.gz

4.5編譯安裝

[root@Cobbler mysql-5.6.36]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.6.36 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.6.36/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.6.36/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DWITH_SSL=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0 && make && make install

4.6創建管理用戶

[root@Cobbler tools]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

4.7創建軟鏈接

[root@Cobbler tools]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.6.36 /application/mysql

4.8修改/application。mysql/data的管理用戶

[root@Cobbler tools]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/data/

4.9初始化數據庫

[root@Cobbler tools]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data

4.10創建MySQL的配置文件

[root@Cobbler tools]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

4.11創建MySQL的啟動文件

[root@Cobbler tools]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@Cobbler tools]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

4.12優化數據庫操作

[root@Cobbler tools]# echo 'export=/ PATHapplication/mysql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile

[root@Cobbler tools]# . /etc/profile

4.13這時啟動數據庫，會報錯（源於-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.6.36/tmp/mysql.sock）

mkdir /application/mysql/tmp

chown -R mysql.mysql /application/tmp

4.14啟動服務

5.部署MySQL數據庫多實例

5.1創建多實例目錄

[root@Cobbler ~]# mkdir -p /data/330{7,8,9}

5.2初始化（有多少多實例數據庫，初始化多少次）

[root@Cobbler ~]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307

[root@Cobbler ~]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3308

[root@Cobbler ~]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3309

5.3修改MySQL多實例的配置文件

[root@Cobbler ~]# cat /data/3307/my.cnf

[mysqld]

basedir=/application/mysql

datadir=/data/3307

socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock

log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log

log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin

binlog_format=row

skip_name_resolve=1

server_id=3307

port=3307

[root@Cobbler ~]# cat /data/3308/my.cnf

[mysqld]

basedir=/application/mysql

datadir=/data/3308

socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock

log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log

log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin

binlog_format=row

skip_name_resolve=1

server_id=3308

port=3308

[root@Cobbler ~]# cat /data/3309/my.cnf

[mysqld]

basedir=/application/mysql

datadir=/data/3309

socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock

log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log

log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin

binlog_format=row

skip_name_resolve=1

server_id=3309

port=3309

5.4啟動多實例

[root@Cobbler ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf &

[root@Cobbler ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf &

[root@Cobbler ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf &

5.5登入數據庫

[root@Cobbler ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock

[root@Cobbler ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock

[root@Cobbler ~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock

安裝並配置多實例MySQL數據庫