I had the same issue installing 9.1.4 on Windows 7. I managed to find a solution online that worked.

The steps I followed are:

1. Uninstall PostgreSQL

2. Delete the postgres user if it still exists.

   net user postgres /delete

3. Create the postgres user with a password you can remember

   net user /add postgres <password
    
   >

4. Add the postgres user to the Administrators group

   net localgroup administrators postgres /add

5. Add the postgres user to the Power Users group

   net localgroup "power users" postgres /add

6. Run a command window as the postgres user

   runas /user:postgres cmd.exe

7. Run the install file from within the command window.

   C:\Download\postgresql-9.1.4-1-windows.exe

   This should run the installation successfully.

8. Remove the postgres user from the Administrators group.

   net localgroup administrators postgres /delete

源鏈接：https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/10241/postgresql-the-database-cluster-initialization-failed

postgresql server start and then immediately stop