1. 程式人生 > >java——並查集 UnionFind

java——並查集 UnionFind

時間複雜度:

  O(log*n),近乎是O(1)級別的

UnionFind 介面:

public interface UF {
    int getSize();
    boolean isConnected(int p, int q);
    void unionElements(int p, int q);
}

第一種:

//quickFind
public class UnionFind1 implements UF{
    //id 這個陣列中並沒有儲存資料的值,而是儲存了資料所在的集合編號
    private int[] id;
    
    public
UnionFind1(int size) { id = new int[size]; for(int i = 0 ; i < id.length ; i ++) { id[i] = i; } } @Override public int getSize() { return id.length; } //查詢元素p所對應的集合編號 private int find(int p) { if(p < 0 || p >= id.length) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("p is out of bound."); } return id[p]; } //檢視元素p和q是否屬於同一個集合 @Override public boolean isConnected(int p, int q) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return find(p) == find(q); } //將p和q所屬的集合合併 @Override
public void unionElements(int p, int q) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int pID = find(p); int qID = find(q); if(pID == qID) { return; } for(int i = 0 ; i < id.length ; i ++) { if(id[i] == pID) { id[i] = qID; } } } }

第二種:

//QuickUnion
//一種孩子指向父親節的樹 
public class UnionFind2 implements UF{
    
    private int[] parent;
    
    public UnionFind2(int size) {
        parent = new int[size];
        
        //初始的時候每一個節點都指向他自己,每一個節點都是一棵獨立的樹
        for(int i = 0 ; i< size ; i ++) {
            parent[i] = i;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int getSize() {
        
        return parent.length;
    }

    private int find(int p) {
        if(p < 0 || p >= parent.length) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("p is out of bound.");
        }
        while(p != parent[p]) {
            p = parent[p];
        }
        return p;
    }
    
    @Override
    public boolean isConnected(int p, int q) {
        
        return find(p) == find(q);
    }

    @Override
    public void unionElements(int p, int q) {
        
        int pRoot = find(p);
        int qRoot = find(q);
        
        if(pRoot == qRoot) {
            return;
        }else {
            parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
        }
        
    }

}

第三種:

package UnionFind;

//使樹的深度儘量保持較低水平
//節點總數小的那個樹去指向節點總數大的那棵樹
public class UnionFind3 implements UF {
    
    private int[] parent;
    // sz[i]表示以i為根的的集合中元素的個數
    private int[] sz;
    
    public UnionFind3(int size) {
        parent = new int[size];
        for(int i = 0 ; i < parent.length ; i ++) {
            parent[i] = i;
            sz[i] = 1;
        }
    }
    @Override
    public int getSize() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return parent.length;
    }
    
    private int find(int p) {
        if(p < 0 || p >= parent.length) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("p is out of bound.");
        }
        while(p != parent[p]) {
            p = parent[p];
        }
        return p;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean isConnected(int p, int q) {
        
        return find(p) == find(q);
    }
    
    @Override
    public void unionElements(int p, int q) {
        int pRoot = find(p);
        int qRoot = find(q);
        
        if(pRoot == qRoot) {
            return;
        }
        if(sz[pRoot] < sz[qRoot]) {
            parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
            sz[qRoot] += sz[pRoot];
        }else {
            parent[qRoot] = pRoot;
            sz[pRoot] += sz[qRoot];
        }
        
    }

}

第四種:

//基於rank的優化
//使深度小的那棵樹指向深度大的那棵樹
public class UnionFind4 implements UF {
    
    private int[] parent;
    // rank[i]表示以i為根的的集合所表示的樹的層數
    private int[] rank;
    
    public UnionFind4(int size) {
        parent = new int[size];
        for(int i = 0 ; i < parent.length ; i ++) {
            parent[i] = i;
            rank[i] = 1;
        }
    }
    @Override
    public int getSize() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return parent.length;
    }
    
    private int find(int p) {
        if(p < 0 || p >= parent.length) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("p is out of bound.");
        }
        while(p != parent[p]) {
            p = parent[p];
        }
        return p;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean isConnected(int p, int q) {
        
        return find(p) == find(q);
    }
    
    @Override
    public void unionElements(int p, int q) {
        int pRoot = find(p);
        int qRoot = find(q);
        
        if(pRoot == qRoot) {
            return;
        }
        if(rank[pRoot] < rank[qRoot]) {
            parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
        }else if(rank[pRoot] > rank[qRoot]){
            parent[qRoot] = pRoot;
        }else {
            parent[qRoot] = pRoot;
            rank[pRoot] += 1;
        }
        
    }

}

第五種:

//路徑壓縮
public class UnionFind5 implements UF{
    
    private int[] parent;
    // rank[i]表示以i為根的的集合所表示的樹的層數
    private int[] rank;
    
    public UnionFind5(int size) {
        parent = new int[size];
        for(int i = 0 ; i < parent.length ; i ++) {
            parent[i] = i;
            rank[i] = 1;
        }
    }
    @Override
    public int getSize() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return parent.length;
    }
    
    //這裡新增路徑壓縮的過程
    private int find(int p) {
        if(p < 0 || p >= parent.length) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("p is out of bound.");
        }
        while(p != parent[p]) {
            parent[p] = parent[parent[p]];
            p = parent[p];
        }
        return p;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean isConnected(int p, int q) {
        
        return find(p) == find(q);
    }
    
    //這裡的rank不再是每個節點精準的深度,只是做為一個參考,由於效能考慮所以不維護rank
    @Override
    public void unionElements(int p, int q) {
        int pRoot = find(p);
        int qRoot = find(q);
        
        if(pRoot == qRoot) {
            return;
        }
        if(rank[pRoot] < rank[qRoot]) {
            parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
        }else if(rank[pRoot] > rank[qRoot]){
            parent[qRoot] = pRoot;
        }else {
            parent[qRoot] = pRoot;
            rank[pRoot] += 1;
        }
        
    }

}

第六種:

//find過程中讓每個節點都指向根節點
//路徑壓縮
public class UnionFind6 implements UF{
        
    private int[] parent;
    // rank[i]表示以i為根的的集合所表示的樹的層數
    private int[] rank;
    
    public UnionFind6(int size) {
        parent = new int[size];
        for(int i = 0 ; i < parent.length ; i ++) {
            parent[i] = i;
            rank[i] = 1;
        }
    }
    @Override
    public int getSize() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return parent.length;
    }
    
    //這裡新增路徑壓縮的過程
    //遞迴呼叫
    private int find(int p) {
        if(p < 0 || p >= parent.length) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("p is out of bound.");
        }
        if(p != parent[p]) {
            parent[p] = find(parent[p]);
        }
        return parent[p];
    }
    @Override
    public boolean isConnected(int p, int q) {
        
        return find(p) == find(q);
    }
    
    //這裡的rank不再是每個節點精準的深度,只是做為一個參考,由於效能考慮所以不維護rank
    @Override
    public void unionElements(int p, int q) {
        int pRoot = find(p);
        int qRoot = find(q);
        
        if(pRoot == qRoot) {
            return;
        }
        if(rank[pRoot] < rank[qRoot]) {
            parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
        }else if(rank[pRoot] > rank[qRoot]){
            parent[qRoot] = pRoot;
        }else {
            parent[qRoot] = pRoot;
            rank[pRoot] += 1;
        }
        
    }

}