Configure，Makefile.am, Makefile.in, Makefile

阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-11

Configure，Makefile.am, Makefile.in, Makefile檔案之間關係

1.autoscan (autoconf): 掃描原始碼以搜尋普通的可移植性問題，比如檢查編譯器，庫，標頭檔案等，生成檔案configure.scan,它是configure.ac的一個雛形。

your source files --> [autoscan*] --> [configure.scan] --> configure.ac

2.aclocal (automake):根據已經安裝的巨集，使用者定義巨集和acinclude.m4檔案中的巨集將configure.ac檔案所需要的巨集集中定義到檔案 aclocal.m4中。aclocal是一個perl 指令碼程式，它的定義是：“aclocal - create aclocal.m4 by scanning configure.ac”

user input files   optional input     process          output files
================   ==============     =======          ============

                    acinclude.m4 - - - - -.
                                          V
                                      .-------,
configure.ac ------------------------>|aclocal|
                 {user macro files} ->|       |------> aclocal.m4
                                      `-------'
3.autoheader(autoconf): 根據configure.ac中的某些巨集，比如cpp巨集定義，執行m4，聲稱config.h.in

user input files    optional input     process          output files
================    ==============     =======          ============

                    aclocal.m4 - - - - - - - .
                                             |
                                             V
                                     .----------,
configure.ac ----------------------->|autoheader|----> autoconfig.h.in
                                     `----------'

4.automake: automake將Makefile.am中定義的結構建立Makefile.in，然後configure指令碼將生成的Makefile.in檔案轉換為Makefile。如果在configure.ac中定義了一些特殊的巨集，比如AC_PROG_LIBTOOL，它會呼叫libtoolize，否則它會自己產生config.guess和config.sub

user input files   optional input   processes          output files
================   ==============   =========          ============

                                     .--------,
                                     |        | - - -> COPYING
                                     |        | - - -> INSTALL
                                     |        |------> install-sh
                                     |        |------> missing
                                     |automake|------> mkinstalldirs
configure.ac ----------------------->|        |
Makefile.am  ----------------------->|        |------> Makefile.in
                                     |        |------> stamp-h.in
                                 .---+        | - - -> config.guess
                                 |   |        | - - -> config.sub
                                 |   `------+-'
                                 |          | - - - -> config.guess
                                 |libtoolize| - - - -> config.sub
                                 |          |--------> ltmain.sh
                                 |          |--------> ltconfig
                                 `----------'

5.autoconf:將configure.ac中的巨集展開，生成configure指令碼。這個過程可能要用到aclocal.m4中定義的巨集。

user input files   optional input   processes          output files
================   ==============   =========          ============

aclocal.m4 ,autoconfig.h.in - - - - - - -.
                                         V
                                     .--------,
configure.ac ----------------------->|autoconf|------> configure

6. ./configure的過程


                                           .-------------> [config.cache]
     configure* --------------------------+-------------> config.log
                                          |
              [config.h.in] -.            v            .--> [autoconfig.h]
                             +-------> config.status* -+                   
              Makefile.in ---'                         `-->   Makefile

7. make過程

[autoconfig.h] -.
                     +--> make* --->  程式
        Makefile   ---'

.---------,
                   config.site - - ->|         |
                  config.cache - - ->|configure| - - -> config.cache
                                     |         +-,
                                     `-+-------' |
                                       |         |----> config.status
                   config.h.in ------->|config-  |----> config.h
                   Makefile.in ------->|  .status|----> Makefile
                                       |         |----> stamp-h
                                       |         +--,
                                     .-+         |  |
                                     | `------+--'  |
                   ltmain.sh ------->|ltconfig|-------> libtool
                                     |        |     |
                                     `-+------'     |
                                       |config.guess|
                                       | config.sub |
                                       `------------'

.--------,
                   Makefile ------>|        |
                   config.h ------>|  make  |
{project sources} ---------------->|        |--------> {project targets}
                                 .-+        +--,
                                 | `--------'  |
                                 |   libtool   |
                                 |   missing   |
                                 |  install-sh |
                                 |mkinstalldirs|
                                 `-------------'

例項：
在/hello/目錄下建立一個hello.c檔案，並編譯執行它：

#cd /hello/

(1) 編寫原始檔hello.c：

#include<stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
printf("Hello, GNU!n");
return 0;
}

[[email protected] hello]$ ll
total 4
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 68 Aug 12 12:02 hello.c

一、autoscan

[[email protected] hello]$ autoscan
autom4te: configure.ac: no such file or directory
autoscan: /usr/bin/autom4te failed with exit status: 1
[[email protected] hello]$ ll
total 8
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 0 Aug 12 12:03 autoscan.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 457 Aug 12 12:03 configure.scan
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 68 Aug 12 12:02 hello.c

已經生成了configure.scan，autoscan.log檔案

將configure.scan 修改為 configure.in，最後修改的內容如下：

[[email protected] hello]$ mv configure.scan configure.in
[[email protected] hello]$ vim configure.in

# -*- Autoconf -*-
# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

AC_PREREQ(2.59)
AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([hello.c])
#AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(hello, 1.0)
# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC

# Checks for libraries.

# Checks for header files.

# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

# Checks for library functions.
AC_OUTPUT(Makefile)

二、acloacl

[[email protected] hello]$ aclocal

生成 aclocal.m4 和 autom4te.cache (生成aclocal.m4的過程中涉及到configure.in)

[[email protected] hello]$ ll
total 44
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 31120 Aug 12 12:08 aclocal.m4
drwxr-xr-x 2 litao litao 4096 Aug 12 12:08 autom4te.cache
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao     0 Aug 12 12:03 autoscan.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao   496 Aug 12 12:08 configure.in
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao    68 Aug 12 12:02 hello.c

三、antoconf

[[email protected] hello]$ autoconf
生成 configure (根據 configure.in, 和 aclocal.m4)
[[email protected] hello]$ ll
total 168
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 31120 Aug 12 12:08 aclocal.m4
drwxr-xr-x 2 litao litao   4096 Aug 12 12:11 autom4te.cache
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao      0 Aug 12 12:03 autoscan.log
-rwxrwxr-x 1 litao litao 122297 Aug 12 12:11 configure
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao    496 Aug 12 12:08 configure.in

-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 68 Aug 12 12:02 hello.c

四、編寫Makefile.am：

AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS= foreign
bin_PROGRAMS= hello
hello_SOURCES= hello.c

五、automake

生成 Makefile.in， depcomp， install-sh，和 missing (根據 Makefile.am, 和 aclocal.m4)

[[email protected] hello]$ automake
configure.in: required file `./install-sh' not found
configure.in: required file `./missing' not found
Makefile.am: required file `./depcomp' not found
[[email protected] hello]$ automake --add-missing
configure.in: installing `./install-sh'
configure.in: installing `./missing'
Makefile.am: installing `./depcomp'
[[email protected] hello]$ ll
total 192
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 31120 Aug 12 12:08 aclocal.m4
drwxr-xr-x 2 litao litao   4096 Aug 12 12:14 autom4te.cache
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao      0 Aug 12 12:03 autoscan.log
-rwxrwxr-x 1 litao litao 122297 Aug 12 12:11 configure
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao    496 Aug 12 12:08 configure.in
lrwxrwxrwx 1 litao litao     31 Aug 12 12:16 depcomp -> /usr/share/automake-1.9/depcomp

-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao     68 Aug 12 12:02 hello.c
lrwxrwxrwx 1 litao litao     34 Aug 12 12:16 install-sh -> /usr/share/automake-1.9/install-sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao     69 Aug 12 12:15 Makefile.am
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 16561 Aug 12 12:16 Makefile.in
lrwxrwxrwx 1 litao litao     31 Aug 12 12:16 missing -> /usr/share/automake-1.9/missing

六、configure
生成 Makefile， config.log，和 config.status

Configure，Makefile.am, Makefile.in, Makefile