【微信開放平臺】微信第三方掃碼登入(親測可用)
開放平臺需要企業認證才能註冊,正好這次公司提供了一個賬號,調通以後,就順便寫一篇部落格吧。
公眾平臺與開放平臺的區別
微信開放平臺
主要面對移動應用/網站應用開發者,為其提供微信登入、分享、支付等相關許可權和服務。
微信公眾平臺
微信公眾平臺用於管理、開放微信公眾號(包括訂閱號、服務號、企業號),簡單的說就是微信公眾號的後臺運營、管理系統。
這裡想吐槽一下,微信基本註冊全都要郵箱,公眾號一個、小程式一個、開放平臺一個、我哪他媽有這麼多郵箱啊,又記不住密碼,下面正題。
準備工作
網站應用微信登入是基於OAuth2.0協議標準構建的微信OAuth2.0授權登入系統。
在進行微信OAuth2.在進行微信OAuth2.0授權登入接入之前,在微信開放平臺註冊開發者帳號,並擁有一個已稽核通過的網站應用,並獲得相應的AppID和AppSecret,申請微信登入且通過稽核後,可開始接入流程。
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點選建立網站應用
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按照要求填寫資訊,等待稽核通過就可以獲取appid和appsecret
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然後找到回撥授權域名這一項 修改成要回調的域名,例如:www.baidu.com 不要加http://或https://
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好了需要提前準備的東西就完事了,下面就是程式碼部分了。
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這是完整的呼叫圖
我這裡用的spring boot專案進行測試的,但是程式碼都大致相同
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第一步:請求CODE
這是自己用到的HttpClientUtils工具類
package com.lj.demo.controller.util; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import java.net.SocketTimeoutException; import java.security.GeneralSecurityException; import java.io.IOException; import java.security.cert.CertificateException; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Map.Entry; import java.util.Set; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.SSLException; import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession; import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; import org.apache.http.Consts; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig; import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig.Builder; import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContextBuilder; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.X509HostnameVerifier; import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; /** * @author LvJun * @create 2018-03-16 17:51 **/ public class HttpClientUtils { public static final int connTimeout=10000; public static final int readTimeout=10000; public static final String charset="UTF-8"; private static HttpClient client = null; static { PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(); cm.setMaxTotal(128); cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(128); client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).build(); } public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{ return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout); } public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{ return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout); } public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception { return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout); } public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception { return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout); } public static String get(String url) throws Exception { return get(url, charset, null, null); } public static String get(String url, String charset) throws Exception { return get(url, charset, connTimeout, readTimeout); } /** * 傳送一個 Post 請求, 使用指定的字符集編碼. * * @param url * @param body RequestBody * @param mimeType 例如 application/xml "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" a=1&b=2&c=3 * @param charset 編碼 * @param connTimeout 建立連結超時時間,毫秒. * @param readTimeout 響應超時時間,毫秒. * @return ResponseBody, 使用指定的字符集編碼. * @throws ConnectTimeoutException 建立連結超時異常 * @throws SocketTimeoutException 響應超時 * @throws Exception */ public static String post(String url, String body, String mimeType,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception { HttpClient client = null; HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url); String result = ""; try { if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) { HttpEntity entity = new StringEntity(body, ContentType.create(mimeType, charset)); post.setEntity(entity); } // 設定引數 Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom(); if (connTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout); } if (readTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout); } post.setConfig(customReqConf.build()); HttpResponse res; if (url.startsWith("https")) { // 執行 Https 請求. client = createSSLInsecureClient(); res = client.execute(post); } else { // 執行 Http 請求. client = HttpClientUtils.client; res = client.execute(post); } result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset); } finally { post.releaseConnection(); if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null&& client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) { ((CloseableHttpClient) client).close(); } } return result; } /** * 提交form表單 * * @param url * @param params * @param connTimeout * @param readTimeout * @return * @throws ConnectTimeoutException * @throws SocketTimeoutException * @throws Exception */ public static String postForm(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception { HttpClient client = null; HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url); try { if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) { List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<org.apache.http.NameValuePair>(); Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = params.entrySet(); for (Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) { formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())); } UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, Consts.UTF_8); post.setEntity(entity); } if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) { for (Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) { post.addHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } } // 設定引數 Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom(); if (connTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout); } if (readTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout); } post.setConfig(customReqConf.build()); HttpResponse res = null; if (url.startsWith("https")) { // 執行 Https 請求. client = createSSLInsecureClient(); res = client.execute(post); } else { // 執行 Http 請求. client = HttpClientUtils.client; res = client.execute(post); } return IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), "UTF-8"); } finally { post.releaseConnection(); if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null && client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) { ((CloseableHttpClient) client).close(); } } } /** * 傳送一個 GET 請求 * * @param url * @param charset * @param connTimeout 建立連結超時時間,毫秒. * @param readTimeout 響應超時時間,毫秒. * @return * @throws ConnectTimeoutException 建立連結超時 * @throws SocketTimeoutException 響應超時 * @throws Exception */ public static String get(String url, String charset, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException,SocketTimeoutException, Exception { HttpClient client = null; HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url); String result = ""; try { // 設定引數 Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom(); if (connTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout); } if (readTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout); } get.setConfig(customReqConf.build()); HttpResponse res = null; if (url.startsWith("https")) { // 執行 Https 請求. client = createSSLInsecureClient(); res = client.execute(get); } else { // 執行 Http 請求. client = HttpClientUtils.client; res = client.execute(get); } result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset); } finally { get.releaseConnection(); if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null && client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) { ((CloseableHttpClient) client).close(); } } return result; } /** * 從 response 裡獲取 charset * * @param ressponse * @return */ @SuppressWarnings("unused") private static String getCharsetFromResponse(HttpResponse ressponse) { // Content-Type:text/html; charset=GBK if (ressponse.getEntity() != null && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType() != null && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue() != null) { String contentType = ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue(); if (contentType.contains("charset=")) { return contentType.substring(contentType.indexOf("charset=") + 8); } } return null; } /** * 建立 SSL連線 * @return * @throws GeneralSecurityException */ private static CloseableHttpClient createSSLInsecureClient() throws GeneralSecurityException { try { SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() { public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,String authType) throws CertificateException { return true; } }).build(); SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new X509HostnameVerifier() { @Override public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) { return true; } @Override public void verify(String host, SSLSocket ssl) throws IOException { } @Override public void verify(String host, X509Certificate cert) throws SSLException { } @Override public void verify(String host, String[] cns, String[] subjectAlts) throws SSLException { } }); return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build(); } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) { throw e; } } }
微信有兩種方式認證一種是調轉到微信域名下,還一種是直接把二維碼巢狀到自己網站中。
這裡是跳轉到微信的認證方式
首先在頁面做一個簡單的按鈕 觸發事件獲取認證code
<button onclick="login()">微信登入</button>
js呼叫部分
<script>
function login() {
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
//這個路徑根據自己的情況填寫
url: "/demo-wechat/wechat/getCode",
success: function (data) {
console.log(data);
if (data.code == 200) {
window.location.href = (data.result);
} else {
alert("認證失敗");
}
},
error: function (data) {
alert("認證失敗");
}
});
}
</script>
後臺程式碼url引數都要根據自己的實際情況進行修改
@RequestMapping("/getCode")
public void getCode() throws Exception {
//拼接url
StringBuilder url = new StringBuilder();
url.append("https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/qrconnect?");
//appid
url.append("appid=" + "appid");
//回撥地址 ,回撥地址要進行Encode轉碼
String redirect_uri = "回撥地址"
//轉碼
url.append("&redirect_uri=" + URLEncodeUtil.getURLEncoderString(redirect_uri));
url.append("&response_type=code");
url.append("&scope=snsapi_login");
HttpClientUtils.get(url.toString(), "GBK");
}
引數 | 是否必填 | 說明 |
---|---|---|
appid | 是 | 應用唯一標識 |
redirect_uri | 是 | 請使用urlEncode對連結進行處理 |
response_type | 是 | 填code |
scope | 是 | 網頁應用目前僅填寫snsapi_login即可 |
state | 否 | 安全性相關具體可以參考官方文件這裡可以不填 |
引數說明
redirect_uri 這個引數是使用者掃碼確認以後微信呼叫自己的路徑例如:https://www.baidu.com/wechat/callback
拼完路徑可以打印出來看一下 完整的路徑應該是這樣
https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/qrconnect?appid=wxbdc5610cc59c1631&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fpassport.yhd.com%2Fwechat%2Fcallback.do&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_login&state=3d6be0a4035d839573b04816624a415e#wechat_redirect
到此獲取code就完成了,使用者確認以後回撥自己的時候會帶兩個引數,
1.code
2.state
如果呼叫沒有傳遞state就不會返回state 使用者拒絕了登入請求,返回的結果不會有code
第二步:通過code獲取access_token
接下來完成回撥的方法直接上程式碼
/**
* 微信回撥
*/
@RequestMapping("/callback")
public ModelAndView callback(String code,String state) throws Exception {
System.out.println("===="+code+"==="+state+"====");
if(StringUtils.isNotEmpty(code)){
StringBuilder url = new StringBuilder();
url.append("https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?");
url.append("appid=" + "appid");
url.append("&secret=" + "secret");
//這是微信回撥給你的code
url.append("&code=" + code);
url.append("&grant_type=authorization_code");
String result = HttpClientUtils.get(url.toString(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println("result:" + result.toString());
}
return new ModelAndView("login");
}
返回說明
正確的返回:
{
"access_token":"ACCESS_TOKEN",
"expires_in":7200,
"refresh_token":"REFRESH_TOKEN",
"openid":"OPENID",
"scope":"SCOPE",
"unionid": "o6_bmasdasdsad6_2sgVt7hMZOPfL"
}
錯誤返回樣例:
{"errcode":40029,"errmsg":"invalid code"}
這個時候我們拿到用了使用者的一些必要的資訊,剩下的就根據自己具體的業務進行後面的操作吧。
這裡是第二種 認證方式,把二維碼巢狀到自己的網站
這裡只需要改前臺程式碼
建立一個放二維碼的容器
<div id="login_container" style="width: 500px;height: 500px;"></div>
匯入微信的JS
//我這種寫法是spring boot對應的 根據自己前端框架匯入
<script th:src="@{http://res.wx.qq.com/connect/zh_CN/htmledition/js/wxLogin.js}"></script>
在JS裡面例項這麼一段程式碼
var obj = new WxLogin({
id:"login_container",
appid: "appid",
scope: "snsapi_login",
redirect_uri: "回撥地址",
state: "",
style: "",//這個是二維碼樣式
href: ""
});
這樣開啟這個頁面就會自動載入微信二維碼。掃碼認證後 後面流程不變,返回的也是code,根據code獲取token。
這只是一個最簡單入門的Demo,程式碼也有很多需要優化的地方,歡迎大家指正說明,最後感謝大家觀看。
作者:路西法Lucifer丶
連結:https://www.jianshu.com/p/89c43290d7f6
來源:簡書
簡書著作權歸作者所有,任何形式的轉載都請聯絡作者獲得授權並註明出處。