os: centos 7.4
db: oracle 18c(18.3)

雖然 sqlplus 不太好用，但經常是必須用。

使用 sqlplus 登入資料庫

$ sqlplus / as sysdba;

SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Nov 23 11:06:57 2018
Version 18.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.3.0.0.0

SQL> 
 

檢視幫助

SQL> help

 HELP
 ----

 Accesses this command line help system. Enter HELP INDEX or ? INDEX
 for a list of topics.

 You can view SQL*Plus resources at
     http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/

 ******************************************************************************
 **  Top 12.2 features:                                                      **
 **    - Fast retrieval of data as CSV for use in applications like          **
 **      SQL*Loader. Use SQLPLUS -M "CSV ON" or SET MARKUP CSV ON            **
 **    - Improved defaults and optimizations for reports. Use SQLPLUS -F     **
 **    - Command recall. Use SET HISTORY ON and HISTORY to list previous     **
 **      commands.                                                           **
 ******************************************************************************

 HELP|? [topic]


SQL> help index

Enter Help [topic] for help.

 @             COPY         PASSWORD                 SHOW
 @@            DEFINE       PAUSE                    SHUTDOWN
 /             DEL          PRINT                    SPOOL
 ACCEPT        DESCRIBE     PROMPT                   SQLPLUS
 APPEND        DISCONNECT   QUIT                     START
 ARCHIVE LOG   EDIT         RECOVER                  STARTUP
 ATTRIBUTE     EXECUTE      REMARK                   STORE
 BREAK         EXIT         REPFOOTER                TIMING
 BTITLE        GET          REPHEADER                TTITLE
 CHANGE        HELP         RESERVED WORDS (SQL)     UNDEFINE
 CLEAR         HISTORY      RESERVED WORDS (PL/SQL)  VARIABLE
 COLUMN        HOST         RUN                      WHENEVER OSERROR
 COMPUTE       INPUT        SAVE                     WHENEVER SQLERROR
 CONNECT       LIST         SET                      XQUERY
 

column 控制列的顯示寬度

在sqlplus下查詢的輸出醜到爆表，怎麼簡單輸出看起來漂亮些。

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_FULL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_LEGACY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    CON_ID
----------
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.3.0.0.0
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
	 0

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_FULL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_LEGACY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    CON_ID
----------


Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
SQL> 
SQL> desc v$version;
 Name					   Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 BANNER 					    VARCHAR2(80)
 BANNER_FULL					    VARCHAR2(160)
 BANNER_LEGACY					    VARCHAR2(80)
 CON_ID 					    NUMBER

 

控制顯示寬度是最常用的格式化方式了

SQL> set linesize 200;
SQL> set pagesize 200;

SQL> col BANNER format a40;
col BANNER_FULL format a40;
col BANNER_LEGACY format a40;
col CON_ID format 999999;

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER					 BANNER_FULL				  BANNER_LEGACY 			    CON_ID
---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition R Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition R Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition R	 0
elease 18.0.0.0.0 - Production		 elease 18.0.0.0.0 - Production 	  elease 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
					 Version 18.3.0.0.0

是不是好很多了。

清除列的設定

SQL> col BANNER clear 
SQL> clear columns

參考：
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/sqpug/index.html
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/sqprn/index.html#SQPRN101
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/sqpqr/index.html#SQPQR101