手把手教自己搭建最全ssm框架
一、瞭解什麼是ssm框架
SSM(Spring+SpringMVC+MyBatis)框架集由Spring、MyBatis兩個開源框架整合而成(SpringMVC是Spring中的部分內容)。常作為資料來源較簡單的web專案的框架。
Spring就像是整個專案中裝配bean的大工廠,在配置檔案中可以指定使用特定的引數去呼叫實體類的構造方法來例項化物件。Spring的核心思想是IoC(控制反轉),即不再需要程式設計師去顯式地new
一個物件,而是讓Spring框架幫你來完成這一切。
SpringMVC在專案中攔截使用者請求,它的核心Servlet即DispatcherServlet承擔中介或是前臺這樣的職責,將使用者請求通過HandlerMapping去匹配Controller,Controller就是具體對應請求所執行的操作。SpringMVC相當於SSH框架中struts。
mybatis是對jdbc的封裝,它讓資料庫底層操作變的透明。mybatis的操作都是圍繞一個sqlSessionFactory例項展開的。mybatis通過配置檔案關聯到各實體類的Mapper檔案,Mapper檔案中配置了每個類對資料庫所需進行的sql語句對映。在每次與資料庫互動時,通過sqlSessionFactory拿到一個sqlSession,再執行sql命令。
頁面傳送請求給控制器,控制器呼叫業務層處理邏輯,邏輯層向持久層傳送請求,持久層與資料庫互動,後將結果返回給業務層,業務層將處理邏輯傳送給控制器,控制器再呼叫檢視展現資料。
二、目錄結構
大致講解一下:
這是一個用idea建立的maven專案,entity為實體層,dao為資料訪問層,service為業務邏輯層,web為控制層。resources為資原始檔夾,mappers中是dao裡面的xml對映檔案;spring包主要是用來掃描配置dao、service、web的配置檔案;generatorConfig.xml為mybatis-genertor自動生產實體類和資料訪問層的配置檔案;logBack.xml是配置日誌框架logBack;test為單元測試包。
三、配置maven專案依賴
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>nf147.lzx.ssm.ssm_post_mvcStudy</groupId> <artifactId>ssm_post_mvcStudy</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>ssm_post_mvcStudy Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <spring.version>5.1.0.RELEASE</spring.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Spring Web MVC --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- servlet 系列的支援 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax</groupId> <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId> <version>8.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!--mybatis資料分頁--> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId> <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId> <version>5.1.7</version> </dependency> <!-- Springframework --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.9.1</version> </dependency> <!-- MyBatis --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.4.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <!-- 資料庫驅動以及資料庫連線池--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mariadb.jdbc</groupId> <artifactId>mariadb-java-client</artifactId> <version>2.3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.5.2</version> </dependency> <!-- 日誌框架 --> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.0.13</version> </dependency> <!-- 通用工具 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.9.7</version> </dependency> <!-- 單元測試 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- 表單驗證 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> <version>6.0.13.Final</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>ssm_blog</finalName> <!--配置mybatis-generator自動生成外掛--> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.3.7</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.mariadb.jdbc</groupId> <artifactId>mariadb-java-client</artifactId> <version>2.3.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </plugin> </plugins> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0</version> </plugin> <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.7.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.20.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>
四、resources資原始檔配置
1.配置jdbc.properties
jdbc.driver=org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mariadb://localhost:3306/testdb
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=password
2.配置logBack.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
<appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
<Pattern>
%msg%n
</Pattern>
</layout>
</appender>
<!--監聽資料訪問層-->
<logger name="com.lzx.dao" level="TRACE" />
<root level="error">
<appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
</root>
</configuration>
3.配置mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<!-- 使用jdbc的getGeneratedKeys獲取資料庫自增主鍵值 -->
<setting name="useGeneratedKeys" value="true" />
<!-- 使用列別名替換列名 預設:true -->
<setting name="useColumnLabel" value="true" />
<!-- 開啟駝峰命名轉換:Table {create_time} -> Entity {createTime} -->
<setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true" />
<!--配置日誌框架-->
<setting name="logImpl" value="SLF4J"/>
</settings>
<!--資料分頁外掛-->
<plugins>
<plugin interceptor="com.github.pagehelper.PageInterceptor" />
</plugins>
</configuration>
4、配置generatorConfig.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE generatorConfiguration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd">
<generatorConfiguration>
<!--jdbc 驅動包,等-->
<!--<classPathEntry location="/Program Files/IBM/SQLLIB/java/db2java.zip" />-->
<context id="generatorContext" targetRuntime="MyBatis3Simple">
<commentGenerator>
<property name="suppressAllComments" value="true" />
</commentGenerator>
<!--讀取資料庫-->
<jdbcConnection driverClass="org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver"
connectionURL="jdbc:mariadb://localhost/testdb"
userId="root"
password="123456">
</jdbcConnection>
<!--生成實體類-->
<javaModelGenerator targetPackage="com.lzx.entity" targetProject="src\main\java">
<property name="trimStrings" value="true" />
</javaModelGenerator>
<!--生成xml對映檔案-->
<sqlMapGenerator targetPackage="mappers" targetProject="src\main\resources">
</sqlMapGenerator>
<!--生成資料訪問層介面-->
<javaClientGenerator type="XMLMAPPER" targetPackage="com.lzx.dao" targetProject="src\main\java">
</javaClientGenerator>
<!--需要掃描表格-->
<table tableName="%">
<property name="useActualColumnNames" value="true"/>
</table>
</context>
</generatorConfiguration>
5.spring資料夾下的spring-dao.xml、spring-service.xml、spring-web.xml
spring-dao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--使用外部檔案-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
<!--建立資料來源-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="30" />
<property name="minPoolSize" value="10" />
<property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false" />
<property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000" />
<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2" />
</bean>
<!--配置 mybatis-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.lzx.entity" />
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml" />
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mappers/*.xml" />
</bean>
<!--自動注入 Mapper-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" />
<property name="basePackage" value="com.lzx.dao" />
</bean>
<!--配置宣告式事務管理-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven proxy-target-class="true" />
</beans>
spring-service.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!--啟用註解-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lzx.service" />
<!-- 啟用 aspectj 方式 AOP-->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true" />
</beans>
spring-web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:contxt="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--啟用註解掃描-->
<contxt:component-scan base-package="com.lzx.web" />
<!--啟用 mvc 的常用註解-->
<!--<mvc:annotation-driven />-->
<mvc:annotation-driven validator="myValidator"/>
<!--自定義驗證器 -->
<!--<bean id="myValidator" class="com.lzx.validator.MyValidator"/>-->
<!--JSR303 驗證-->
<bean id="myValidator" class="org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean">
<property name="providerClass" value="org.hibernate.validator.HibernateValidator" />
<property name="validationMessageSource" ref="messageSource" />
</bean>
<!--實現i18n國際化-->
<bean id="localeResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.SessionLocaleResolver">
<property name="defaultLocale" value="zh" />
</bean>
<!--負責載入外部語言檔案的-->
<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource">
<property name="basename" value="classpath:messages/language" />
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="GBK" />
</bean>
<!--配置css資料夾在哪-->
<bean id="themeSource" class="org.springframework.ui.context.support.ResourceBundleThemeSource">
<property name="basenamePrefix" value="themes/" /> <!-- 哪個資料夾裡 -->
</bean>
<!-- 【可選】 -->
<!-- 預設情況下,使用的是 FixedThemeResolver 來確定主題名字,預設名字為 theme -->
<!-- 可以根據實際情況配置為 SessionThemeResovler/CookieThemeResolver -->
<bean id="themeResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.theme.SessionThemeResolver">
<property name="defaultThemeName" value="default" /> <!-- 預設主題檔案的名字,如果不設定,名為 theme -->
</bean>
<!--將所有的靜態資源交還 Servlet 處理-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!--配置返回頁面-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<!--配置上傳下載-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.support.StandardServletMultipartResolver" />
</beans>
五、配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--RESTful過濾器,針對delete和put請求-->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>HttpPutFormContentFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HttpPutFormContentFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--解決中文亂碼-->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--配置 Spring 的容器-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:spring/spring-*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!--配置 MVC 容器-->
<!--將所有的請求都交給 Spring MVC 處理-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>app</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/spring-web.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--配置檔案的上傳和下載-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<multipart-config>
<!--<location>d:/idea/image</location>-->
<max-file-size>-1</max-file-size>
<max-request-size>-1</max-request-size>
</multipart-config>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>app</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
六、編寫測試類的父類
BaseMybatis.java: 不依賴spring容器,實現測試資料訪問層
public class BaseMyBatisTest {
static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static SqlSession sqlSession;
@BeforeClass
public static void initSqlSessionFactory() throws IOException {
String resources = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resources);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
}
@AfterClass
public static void destroySqlSession(){
sqlSession.close();
}
}
BaseTestSpring.java: 依賴spring容器的測試
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:spring/spring-dao.xml","classpath:spring/spring-service.xml","classpath:spring/spring-web.xml"})
public class BaseSpringTest {
}