Highways

The island nation of Flatopia is perfectly flat. Unfortunately, Flatopia has a very poor system of public highways. The Flatopian government is aware of this problem and has already constructed a number of highways connecting some of the most important towns. However, there are still some towns that you can't reach via a highway. It is necessary to build more highways so that it will be possible to drive between any pair of towns without leaving the highway system.

Flatopian towns are numbered from 1 to N and town i has a position given by the Cartesian coordinates (xi, yi). Each highway connects exaclty two towns. All highways (both the original ones and the ones that are to be built) follow straight lines, and thus their length is equal to Cartesian distance between towns. All highways can be used in both directions. Highways can freely cross each other, but a driver can only switch between highways at a town that is located at the end of both highways.

The Flatopian government wants to minimize the cost of building new highways. However, they want to guarantee that every town is highway-reachable from every other town. Since Flatopia is so flat, the cost of a highway is always proportional to its length. Thus, the least expensive highway system will be the one that minimizes the total highways length.

Input

The input consists of two parts. The first part describes all towns in the country, and the second part describes all of the highways that have already been built.

The first line of the input file contains a single integer N (1 <= N <= 750), representing the number of towns. The next N lines each contain two integers, xi and yi separated by a space. These values give the coordinates of i th town (for i from 1 to N). Coordinates will have an absolute value no greater than 10000. Every town has a unique location.

The next line contains a single integer M (0 <= M <= 1000), representing the number of existing highways. The next M lines each contain a pair of integers separated by a space. These two integers give a pair of town numbers which are already connected by a highway. Each pair of towns is connected by at most one highway.

Output

Write to the output a single line for each new highway that should be built in order to connect all towns with minimal possible total length of new highways. Each highway should be presented by printing town numbers that this highway connects, separated by a space.

If no new highways need to be built (all towns are already connected), then the output file should be created but it should be empty.

Sample Input

9
1 5
0 0 
3 2
4 5
5 1
0 4
5 2
1 2
5 3
3
1 3
9 7
1 2

Sample Output

1 6
3 7
4 9
5 7
8 3

題目連結：

http://poj.org/problem?id=1751

題意描述：

給你n個座標點，兩兩之間的距離就是這兩點之間的權值，然後給你一個m，接下來m行代表這兩點已經連線，求把所有的點相連的最小生成樹。

解題思路：

把所有的點兩兩之間的權值存到一個數組裡，只把該矩陣的上三角存到數組裡即可（把整個矩陣都存起來資料太多會超時），接下來用克魯斯卡爾演算法每加入一條邊就輸出一次。

程式程式碼：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define inf 99999999
struct data{
	int u;
	int v;
	double w;
}e[1000010];
 
int a[1010],b[1010],f[1010];
 
int cmp(data a,data b);
int getf(int u);
int merge(int u,int v);
 
int main()
{
	int n,i,j,k,t,m,p,q;
	while(scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF)
	{
		for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
			scanf("%d%d",&a[i],&b[i]);
		t=1;
		for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
			for(j=i+1;j<=n;j++)
			{
				e[t].u=i;
				e[t].v=j;
				e[t++].w=(double)sqrt((a[i]-a[j])*(a[i]-a[j])*1.0+(b[i]-b[j])*(b[i]-b[j])*1.0);
			}
		sort(e+1,e+t,cmp);
		for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
			f[i]=i;
		scanf("%d",&m);	
		for(i=1;i<=m;i++)
		{
			scanf("%d%d",&p,&q);
			if(getf(p)!=getf(q))
				f[getf(q)]=getf(p);
		}
		for(i=1;i<t;i++)
		{
			if(merge(e[i].u,e[i].v)==1)
				printf("%d %d\n",e[i].u,e[i].v);
		}	
	}
	return 0;	
} 
 
int cmp(data a,data b)
{
	return a.w<b.w;
}
 
int getf(int u)
{
	if(u==f[u])
		return u;
	f[u]=getf(f[u]);
	return f[u];
}
 
int merge(int u,int v)
{
	u=getf(u);
	v=getf(v);
	if(u!=v)
	{
		f[v]=u;
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}