Django專案部署(django+guncorn+virtualenv+nginx)
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-05
一、說明
為了django專案部署到生產環境上，能夠穩定的執行，且能夠同時指出http和https的訪問，對django的部署進行了一些研究，決定採用django + gunicorn + virtualenv +nginx + mysql的方式進行部署，下面是本次部署專案的目錄結構：
二、虛擬包的製作
本次部署是採用virtualenv方式的部署，考慮到可能在多臺機器上進行部署(例如：在多臺測試機器上部署)，所以為了減少Python模組包的安裝，決定將虛擬環境打成包的形式，可以考到任意一臺環境上執行，避免了在每臺機器上都要安裝相應的模組包，一下是虛擬包的製作方法：
- 首先在你的linux的伺服器上安裝python2.7， ./configure --prefix=/home/kxdqa/mock-server/py，然後執行make && make install 進行python的安裝
- 安裝完python後，進行virtualenv的安裝
- 然後建立你所需要的python的虛擬env環境，virtualenv -p /home/kxdqa/mock-server/py/bin/python2.7 /home/kxdqa/mock-server/myenv，myenv裡面會產生一個bin目錄和一個lib目錄，bin裡面有python，activate,easy_install,而且以後你要裝django，django-admin.py也會放到這裡，lib目錄下有site-package,裝的lib會放到這裡來.
- 然後進入到虛擬環境myenv中，. bin/activate,進入虛擬環境展示如下：
(myenv) [[email protected]_172_30_131_183 myenv]#
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然後在虛擬環境進行你所需要的模組包的安裝
- 為了虛擬包可以在別的機器上依然可以執行，則需要修改bin/activate這個指令碼，找到設定VIRTUAL_ENV變亮的地方，改成如下:
export VIRTUAL_ENV=`pwd`
- 本次的伺服器部署包，需要再安裝gunicorn，安裝方式可以採用pip或者原始碼安裝都行
- 然後將myenv打包即可
三、django專案的配置
1.gunicorn的配置
- 在當前的django專案下，新增gunicorn的 配置檔案gunicorn.conf.py,內容如下：
import multiprocessing # 繫結ip和埠 bind = "0.0.0.0:8088" # 用於處理工作程序的數量 workers = multiprocessing.cpu_count() * 2 + 1 # 錯誤日誌 errorlog = "/home/kxdqa/logic_mock/logs/gunicorn.error.log"
2.django靜態檔案的配置注：gunicorn的配置詳解見：點選開啟鏈接
- 在django專案的settings.py配置檔案中 ，新增STATIC_ROOT的配置，配置如下：
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'collect_static/')
- 執行python manage.py collectstatic命令，就會將所有的靜態檔案複製一份到collect_static的資料夾下
3.嘗試啟動
gunicorn的啟動方式有兩種：
- 使用配置檔案的方式：gunicorn logic_mock.wsgi:application -c /home/kxdqa/logic_mock/gunicorn.conf.py
- 不使用配置檔案的方式：gunicorn logic_mock.wsgi:application -b 0.0.0.0:8088
guncorn的啟動後的關閉命令：ps aux | grep -Ei 'logic_mock.wsgi' | grep -v 'grep' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill
四、Nginx的安裝
1.安裝
- 安裝gcc編譯模組：yum install gcc
- 安裝g++編譯模組：yum install gcc-c++ libstdc++-devel
- 安裝nginx的依賴包：
yum -y install pcre-devel
yum install -y zlib-devel yum install -y openssl（安裝nginx報錯的，把這個裝上）
下載nginx的安裝包，進行安裝：
./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module 編譯安裝：make && make install
注：後面的 --with必須要有，不然nginx進行ssl設定的話，會出錯
驗證是否安裝成功：cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ . nginx 進行啟動(如果啟動失敗的話，檢視80埠是否被佔用) 然後到瀏覽器上輸入ip地址，看是否出現nginx的歡迎上，如果出現則安裝成功
2.nginx配置
- 編寫nginx的啟動指令碼，將指令碼放到/etc/init.d下，指令碼如下：
#!/bin/bash #nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server # it is v.0.0.2 version. # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server. # It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone. # processname: nginx # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid # config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nginx_pid=/var/run/nginx.pid RETVAL=0 prog="nginx" # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0 [ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0 # Start nginx daemons functions. start() { if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then echo "nginx already running...." exit 1 fi echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config} RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx return $RETVAL } # Stop nginx daemons functions. stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc $nginxd RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /var/run/nginx.pid } # reload nginx service functions. reload() { echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " #kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}` killproc $nginxd -HUP RETVAL=$? echo } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; reload) reload ;; restart) stop start ;; status) status $prog RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}" exit 1 esac exit $RETVALnginx啟動指令碼
- 執行如下命令，新增到服務中：
chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/nginx chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx chkconfig --add nginx 至此，nginx安裝成功 nginx啟動、停止、無間斷服務重啟，可選 start | stop | restart | reload | status | help service nginx start 啟動 servie nginx stop 停止 service nginx help 幫助
- 對nginx配置django專案，配置檔案nginx.conf如下：
user root; worker_processes 1; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; server { listen 80 default backlog=2048; listen 443 ssl; server_name localhost; access_log /home/kxdqa/logic_mock/logs/nginx_access.log; error_log /home/kxdqa/logic_mock/logs/nginx_error.log; charset utf-8; ssl_certificate /home/kxdqa/logic_mock/cert/logic_server.crt; ssl_certificate_key /home/kxdqa/logic_mock/cert/logic_server.key; #ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1.2; ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:AES256-SHA256:RC4:HIGH:!MD5:!aNULL:!eNULL:!NULL:!DH:!EDH:!AESGCM; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_session_timeout 10m; #ssl_session_timeout 5m; #index index.html index.htm #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; # location / { #proxy_redirect off; proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8088; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } location ~ ^/(media|static) { root /home/kxdqa/logic_mock; expires 30d; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443; # server_name localhost; # ssl on; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} }
nginx.conf的配置
至此，django專案安裝完成，一次啟動nginx和gunicorn即可(如果需要使用https，則需要在目錄結構的certs目錄下，新增ssl證書，然後在nginx中改變證書的名字，重啟nginx即可)