ERROR: Attempting to operate on hdfs namenode as root
ERROR: but there is no HDFS_NAMENODE_USER defined. Aborting operation.
Starting datanodes
ERROR: Attempting to operate on hdfs datanode as root
ERROR: but there is no HDFS_DATANODE_USER defined. Aborting operation.
Starting secondary namenodes [iz2ze49dsj767ouqcmxlqaz]
ERROR
 
: Attempting to operate on hdfs secondarynamenode as root
ERROR: but there is no HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER defined. Aborting operation.

（缺少使用者定義而造成的）因此編輯啟動和關閉

$ vim sbin/start-dfs.sh 
$ vim sbin/stop-dfs.sh

頂部空白處

HDFS_DATANODE_USER=root
HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER=hdfs
HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=root
HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER=root
 

成功：

WARNING: HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER has been replaced by HDFS_DATANODE_SECURE_USER. Using value of HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER.
Starting namenodes on [39.105.87.34]
Last login: Thu Sep 13 14:11:46 CST 2018 from 60.216.119.210 on pts/0
39.105.87.34: Warning: Permanently added '39.105.87.34' (ECDSA) to the list of
 
 known hosts.
39.105.87.34: Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).
Starting datanodes
Last login: Thu Sep 13 16:53:56 CST 2018 on pts/0
localhost: Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
localhost: Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).
Starting secondary namenodes [iz2ze49dsj767ouqcmxlqaz]
Last login: Thu Sep 13 16:53:57 CST 2018 on pts/0
iz2ze49dsj767ouqcmxlqaz: Warning: Permanently added 'iz2ze49dsj767ouqcmxlqaz,172.17.254.8' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
iz2ze49dsj767ouqcmxlqaz: Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).