1、到opencv的github上面下載對應版本的opencv和opencv_contrib的zip（或直接用gitclone）

2、安裝依賴庫
    

sudo apt-get install build-essential

sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev

sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-devsudo apt-get install build-essential

sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev

sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev
 

3、在opencv根目錄下建立build：mkdir build

4、sudo cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/home/younghai/OpenCV/opencv_contrib-3.4.3/modules ..

5、sudo make -j8

6、sudo make install

在之後，網上也有部落格說還要配置opencv.conf file ，加入環境變數，具體操作如下：
sudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf

在opencv.conf裡面加入命令
/usr/local/lib

更新庫目錄 sudo ldconfig

開啟檔案bash.bashrc： sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc

加入下面兩行
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH）

7、sudo ldconfig -v

注意：因為編譯和安裝過程過於漫長，應該在每一條命令前都加上sudo，否則有可能會執行失敗，如在執行make install 時出現:
CMake Error at cmake_install.cmake:36 (file):
  file cannot create directory: /usr/local/share/OpenCV/licenses.  Maybe need
  administrative privileges.

參考部落格：https://blog.csdn.net/xiangxianghehe/article/details/78780269?utm_source=copy