什麼是SpringMVC?（三）springmvc快速入門（註解版本）
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-17
一、springmvc快速入門（傳統版）
步一：建立springmvc-day02這麼一個web應用
步二：匯入springioc，springweb和springmvc相關的jar包
------------------------------------------------------springWEB模組 org.springframework.web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.web.servlet-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar（mvc專用） ------------------------------------------------------springIOC模組 org.springframework.asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
步三：在/WEB-INF/下建立web.xml檔案
<servlet> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
步四：建立HelloAction.java控制器類
@Controller
public class HelloAction{
@RequestMapping(value="/hello")
public String helloMethod(Model model) throws Exception{
System.out.println("HelloAction::helloMethod()");
model.addAttribute("message","這是我的第二個springmvc應用程式");
return "/success.jsp";
}
}步五：在/WebRoot/下建立success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>這是我的第二個springmvc應用程式</title>
</head>
<body>
success.jsp<br/>
${message}
</body>
</html>步六：在/src/目錄下建立spring.xml配置檔案
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
">
<!-- Action控制器 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zc.javaee.springmvc.helloannotation"/>
<!-- 基於註解的對映器(可選) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/>
<!-- 基於註解的介面卡(可選) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>
<!-- 檢視解析器(可選) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"/>
</beans>二、一個Action中，可以寫多個類似的業務控制方法
//增加使用者：http://127.0.0.1:8080/myspringmvc/user/add.action
//查詢使用者：http://127.0.0.1:8080/myspringmvc/user/find.action
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserAction{
@RequestMapping(value="/add")
public String add(Model model) throws Exception{
System.out.println("HelloAction::add()");
model.addAttribute("message","增加使用者");
return "/success.jsp";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/find")
public String find(Model model) throws Exception{
System.out.println("HelloAction::find()");
model.addAttribute("message","查詢使用者");
return "/success.jsp";
}
}三、在業務控制方法中寫入普通變數收集引數
springmvc可以在業務控制方法中，以引數形式收集客戶端引數
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserAction{
@RequestMapping(value="/add")
public String add(Model model,int id,String name,Double sal) throws Exception{
System.out.println("HelloAction::add()");
System.out.println(id + ":" + name + ":" + sal);
model.addAttribute("message","增加使用者");
return "/success.jsp";
}
}四、限定某個業務控制方法，只允許GET或POST請求方式訪問
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserAction{
@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST) //預設都支援
public String add(Model model,int id,String name,double sal) throws Exception{
System.out.println("HelloAction::add()::POST");
System.out.println(id + ":" + name + ":" + sal);
model.addAttribute("message","增加使用者");
return "/success.jsp";
}
}五、在業務控制方法中寫入Request，Response等傳統web引數（不提倡，耦合）
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserAction{
@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public void add(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{
System.out.println("HelloAction::add()::POST");
int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
String name = request.getParameter("name");
double sal = Double.parseDouble(request.getParameter("sal"));
System.out.println(id + ":" + name + ":" + sal);
request.getSession().setAttribute("id",id);
request.getSession().setAttribute("name",name);
request.getSession().setAttribute("sal",sal);
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/register.jsp");
}
}六、在業務控制方法中寫入模型變數收集引數，且使用@InitBind來解決字串轉日期型別
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/user")
public class UserAction {
@InitBinder
protected void initBinder(HttpServletRequest request,ServletRequestDataBinder binder) throws Exception {
binder.registerCustomEditor(
Date.class,
new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),true));
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String add(int id, String name, double sal, Date hiredate,
Model model) throws Exception {
System.out.println("HelloAction::add()::POST");
model.addAttribute("id", id);
model.addAttribute("name", name);
model.addAttribute("sal", sal);
model.addAttribute("hiredate", hiredate);
return "/register.jsp";
}
}七、在業務控制方法中寫入User，Admin多個模型收集引數
可以在業務控制方法中書寫1個模型來收集客戶端的引數，模型中的屬性名必須和客戶端引數名一一對應
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/user")
public class UserAction {
@InitBinder
protected void initBinder(HttpServletRequest request,ServletRequestDataBinder binder) throws Exception {
binder.registerCustomEditor(
Date.class,
new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),true));
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String add(User user,Model model) throws Exception {
System.out.println("HelloAction::add()::POST");
model.addAttribute("user",user);
return "/register.jsp";
}
}八、在業務控制方法中寫入包裝User的模型來收集引數
可以在業務控制方法中書寫0個或多個模型來收集客戶端的引數，當多個模型中有相同的屬性時，可以用user.name或admin.name來收集客戶端引數，解決方法是用一個新的模型將User和Admin再封裝一次
jsp頁面
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/person/add.action" method="POST">
編號：<input type="text" name="user.id" value="${bean.user.id}"/><br/>
姓名：<input type="text" name="user.name" value="${bean.user.name}"/><br/>
薪水：<input type="text" name="user.sal" value="${bean.user.sal}"/><br/>
入職時間：<input type="text" name="user.hiredate" value='<fmt:formatDate value="${bean.user.hiredate}" type="both" />'/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="註冊"/>
</form>@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/person")
public class PersonAction {
@InitBinder
protected void initBinder(HttpServletRequest request,ServletRequestDataBinder binder) throws Exception {
binder.registerCustomEditor(
Date.class,
new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),true));
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String add(Bean bean,Model model) throws Exception {
System.out.println(bean.getUser());
System.out.println(bean.getAdmin());
System.out.println("PersonAction::add()::POST");
model.addAttribute("bean",bean);
return "/register.jsp";
}
}九、在業務控制方法中收集陣列引數
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserAction {
@RequestMapping(value="/delete")
public String deleteMethod(int[] ids,Model model) throws Exception{
System.out.println("UserAction::deleteMethod()");
System.out.println("需要刪除的id為：");
for(int id : ids){
System.out.print(id+" ");
}
model.addAttribute("message","批量刪除成功");
return "/success.jsp";
}
}十、在業務控制方法中收集List<JavaBean>引數
//Bean.java
public class Bean {
private List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();
public Bean(){}
public List<User> getUserList() {
return userList;
}
public void setUserList(List<User> userList) {
this.userList = userList;
}
}//registerAll.java
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/addAll.action" method="POST">
姓名：<input type="text" name="userList[0].name" value="哈哈"/>
性別：<input type="text" name="userList[0].gender" value="男"/>
<hr/>
姓名：<input type="text" name="userList[1].name" value="呵呵"/>
性別：<input type="text" name="userList[1].gender" value="男"/>
<hr/>
姓名：<input type="text" name="userList[2].name" value="嘻嘻"/>
性別：<input type="text" name="userList[2].gender" value="女"/>
<hr/>
<input type="submit" value="批量註冊"/>
</form>//UserAction.java
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserAction {
@RequestMapping(value="/addAll")
public String addAll(Bean bean,Model model) throws Exception{
for(User user : bean.getUserList()){
System.out.println(user.getName()+":"+user.getGender());
}
model.addAttribute("message","批量增加使用者成功");
return "/success.jsp";
}
}十一、結果的轉發和重定向
//在轉發情況下，共享request域物件，會將引數從第一個業務控制方法傳入第二個業務控制方法，
//反之，重定向則不行
//刪除id=10號的使用者，再查詢使用者
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserAction {
@RequestMapping(value="/delete")
public String delete(int id) throws Exception{
System.out.println("刪除使用者->" + id);
//轉發到find()
return "forward:/user/find.action";
//重定向到find()
//return "redirect:/user/find.action";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/find")
public String find(int id) throws Exception{
System.out.println("查詢使用者->" + id);
return "/success.jsp";
}
}十二、非同步傳送表單資料到JavaBean，並響應JSON文字返回
提交表單後，將JavaBean資訊以JSON文字形式返回到瀏覽器
//bean2json.jsp
<form>
編號：<input type="text" name="id" value="1"/><br/>
姓名：<input type="text" name="name" value="哈哈"/><br/>
薪水：<input type="text" name="sal" value="5000"/><br/>
<input type="button" value="非同步提交註冊"/>
</form>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(":button").click(function(){
var url = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/add.action";
var sendData = {
"id":1,
"name":"哈哈",
"sal":5000
};
$.post(url,sendData,function(backData,textStatus,ajax){
alert(ajax.responseText);
});
});
</script>//UserAction.java
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserAction {
@RequestMapping(value="/add")
public @ResponseBody User add(User user) throws Exception{
System.out.println(user.getId()+":"+user.getName()+":"+user.getSal());
return user;
}
} //spring.xml
<!-- Action控制器 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zc.javaee.springmvc.app25"/>
<!-- 介面卡 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
<property name="messageConverters">
<list>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>