tar

tar cvf filename.tar /dir  

.tar.gz

tar czvf filename.tar.gz /dir  

.tgz

tar cvzf filename.tgz /dir  

.tar.gz2

You probably mean .tar.bz2

.tar.bz

tar cjvf filename.tar.bz /dir  

.tbz

tar cjvf filename.tbz /dir  

.tar.bz2

tar cjvf filename.tar.bz2 /dir  

.tar.Z

.Z is an old naming convention which has moved to .gz.  See .tar.gz above.  

.tar.xz

tar cvf -  filenames | lzma > filename.tar.xz   

.gz

gzip filename  

.gz2

You probably mean .bz2

.bz

bzip filename  

.bz2

bzip2 filename  

.Z

.Z is an old naming convention which has moved to .gz.  See .gz above.  

.xz

lzma filename  

.zip

zip -r filename.zip /dir  

.7z

7z a -t7z filename.7z /dir  

.rar

rar a filename.rar /dir  

.dmg

This is a bit more complicated than what I have time for. Looks like somebody has already figured something out.

.dd

Create these image files using: dd if=inputfile.dd of=outputfile.dd