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暴力密碼破解器 Hashcat

我本身不是學密碼相關的,如果有在開發的系統,請盡量避免在資料庫(Database)裡存密碼的明碼。

看了這幾篇相關文章,終於知道要怎麼在Hashcat裡使用多層 hash、加鹽(Salt);密碼有中文字的部份,似乎有binary 的mode 可以選擇;密碼超過55個字的這情情況下,使用者自己可能就記不起來。

相關文章:

Cracked-password

暴力密碼破解器 ocl-Hashcat-plus 支援每秒猜測最多 80 億個密碼

git clone https://github.com/hashcat/hashcat.git
mkdir -p hashcat/deps
git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-Headers.git hashcat/deps/OpenCL
cd hashcat/
make

使用心得,大多情況下是會得到 exhausted [ɪgˋzɔstɪd] ,找不到結果,md5 8碼,要找2~5小時,滿可觀的,6碼以內的大多6秒內可以找到答案。善用字典加pattern真的很重要!

多層 hash, 在 hashcat 裡是設定 round,ex:
$5$rounds=5000

使用 hashcat 的 attach mode=3 (-a 3) 測 md5 為 1~6碼的,大約6秒內完成,使用 HMAC-SHA256 模式,只使用1個 round, 需要 2 mins, 22 secs來測試。

14.1.1. Key derivation

Key derivation and key stretching algorithms are designed for secure password hashing. Naive algorithms such as sha1(password)

are not resistant against brute-force attacks. A good password hashing function must be tunable, slow, and include a salt.

hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac(name, password, salt, rounds, dklen=None)
The function provides PKCS#5 password-based key derivation function 2. It uses HMAC as pseudorandom function.

The string name

is the desired name of the hash digest algorithm for HMAC, e.g. ‘sha1’ or ‘sha256’. password and salt are interpreted as buffers of bytes. Applications and libraries should limit password to a sensible value (e.g. 1024). salt should be about 16 or more bytes from a proper source, e.g. os.urandom().

The number of rounds should be chosen based on the hash algorithm and computing power. As of 2013, at least 100,000 rounds of SHA-256 is suggested.

dklen is the length of the derived key. If dklen is None then the digest size of the hash algorithm name is used, e.g. 64 for SHA-512.

>>>

>>> import hashlib, binascii
>>> dk = hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', b'password', b'salt', 100000)
>>> binascii.hexlify(dk)
b'0394a2ede332c9a13eb82e9b24631604c31df978b4e2f0fbd2c549944f9d79a5'

New in version 2.7.8.

Mac OSX 上的 hashcat 使用說明:

hashcat, advanced password recovery

Usage: hashcat [options]... hash|hashfile|hccapfile [dictionary|mask|directory]...

- [ Options ] -

Options Short / Long | Type | Description | Example
===============================+======+======================================================+=======================
 -m, --hash-type | Num | Hash-type, see references below | -m 1000
 -a, --attack-mode | Num | Attack-mode, see references below | -a 3
 -V, --version | | Print version |
 -h, --help | | Print help |
 --quiet | | Suppress output |
 --hex-charset | | Assume charset is given in hex |
 --hex-salt | | Assume salt is given in hex |
 --hex-wordlist | | Assume words in wordlist is given in hex |
 --force | | Ignore warnings |
 --status | | Enable automatic update of the status-screen |
 --status-timer | Num | Sets seconds between status-screen update to X | --status-timer=1
 --machine-readable | | Display the status view in a machine readable format |
 --loopback | | Add new plains to induct directory |
 --weak-hash-threshold | Num | Threshold X when to stop checking for weak hashes | --weak=0
 --markov-hcstat | File | Specify hcstat file to use | --markov-hc=my.hcstat
 --markov-disable | | Disables markov-chains, emulates classic brute-force |
 --markov-classic | | Enables classic markov-chains, no per-position |
 -t, --markov-threshold | Num | Threshold X when to stop accepting new markov-chains | -t 50
 --runtime | Num | Abort session after X seconds of runtime | --runtime=10
 --session | Str | Define specific session name | --session=mysession
 --restore | | Restore session from --session |
 --restore-disable | | Do not write restore file |
 -o, --outfile | File | Define outfile for recovered hash | -o outfile.txt
 --outfile-format | Num | Define outfile-format X for recovered hash | --outfile-format=7
 --outfile-autohex-disable | | Disable the use of $HEX[] in output plains |
 --outfile-check-timer | Num | Sets seconds between outfile checks to X | --outfile-check=30
 -p, --separator | Char | Separator char for hashlists and outfile | -p :
 --stdout | | Do not crack a hash, instead print candidates only |
 --show | | Compare hashlist with potfile; Show cracked hashes |
 --left | | Compare hashlist with potfile; Show uncracked hashes |
 --username | | Enable ignoring of usernames in hashfile |
 --remove | | Enable remove of hash once it is cracked |
 --remove-timer | Num | Update input hash file each X seconds | --remove-timer=30
 --potfile-disable | | Do not write potfile |
 --potfile-path | Dir | Specific path to potfile | --potfile-path=my.pot
 --debug-mode | Num | Defines the debug mode (hybrid only by using rules) | --debug-mode=4
 --debug-file | File | Output file for debugging rules | --debug-file=good.log
 --induction-dir | Dir | Specify the induction directory to use for loopback | --induction=inducts
 --outfile-check-dir | Dir | Specify the outfile directory to monitor for plains | --outfile-check-dir=x
 --logfile-disable | | Disable the logfile |
 --truecrypt-keyfiles | File | Keyfiles used, separate with comma | --truecrypt-key=x.png
 --veracrypt-keyfiles | File | Keyfiles used, separate with comma | --veracrypt-key=x.txt
 --veracrypt-pim | Num | VeraCrypt personal iterations multiplier | --veracrypt-pim=1000
 -b, --benchmark | | Run benchmark |
 -c, --segment-size | Num | Sets size in MB to cache from the wordfile to X | -c 32
 --bitmap-min | Num | Sets minimum bits allowed for bitmaps to X | --bitmap-min=24
 --bitmap-max | Num | Sets maximum bits allowed for bitmaps to X | --bitmap-min=24
 --cpu-affinity | Str | Locks to CPU devices, separate with comma | --cpu-affinity=1,2,3
 --opencl-platforms | Str | OpenCL platforms to use, separate with comma | --opencl-platforms=2
 -d, --opencl-devices | Str | OpenCL devices to use, separate with comma | -d 1
 -D, --opencl-device-types | Str | OpenCL device-types to use, separate with comma | -D 1
 --opencl-vector-width | Num | Manual override OpenCL vector-width to X | --opencl-vector=4
 -w, --workload-profile | Num | Enable a specific workload profile, see pool below | -w 3
 -n, --kernel-accel | Num | Manual workload tuning, set outerloop step size to X | -n 64
 -u, --kernel-loops | Num | Manual workload tuning, set innerloop step size to X | -u 256
 --nvidia-spin-damp | Num | Workaround NVidias CPU burning loop bug, in percent | --nvidia-spin-damp=50
 --gpu-temp-disable | | Disable temperature and fanspeed reads and triggers |
 --scrypt-tmto | Num | Manually override TMTO value for scrypt to X | --scrypt-tmto=3
 -s, --skip | Num | Skip X words from the start | -s 1000000
 -l, --limit | Num | Limit X words from the start + skipped words | -l 1000000
 --keyspace | | Show keyspace base:mod values and quit |
 -j, --rule-left | Rule | Single rule applied to each word from left wordlist | -j 'c'
 -k, --rule-right | Rule | Single rule applied to each word from right wordlist | -k '^-'
 -r, --rules-file | File | Multiple rules applied to each word from wordlists | -r rules/best64.rule
 -g, --generate-rules | Num | Generate X random rules | -g 10000
 --generate-rules-func-min | Num | Force min X funcs per rule |
 --generate-rules-func-max | Num | Force max X funcs per rule |
 --generate-rules-seed | Num | Force RNG seed set to X |
 -1, --custom-charset1 | CS | User-defined charset ?1 | -1 ?l?d?u
 -2, --custom-charset2 | CS | User-defined charset ?2 | -2 ?l?d?s
 -3, --custom-charset3 | CS | User-defined charset ?3 |
 -4, --custom-charset4 | CS | User-defined charset ?4 |
 -i, --increment | | Enable mask increment mode |
 --increment-min | Num | Start mask incrementing at X | --increment-min=4
 --increment-max | Num | Stop mask incrementing at X | --increment-max=8

- [ Hash modes ] -

# | Name | Category
 ======+==================================================+======================================
 900 | MD4 | Raw Hash
 0 | MD5 | Raw Hash
 5100 | Half MD5 | Raw Hash
 100 | SHA1 | Raw Hash
 10800 | SHA-384 | Raw Hash
 1400 | SHA-256 | Raw Hash
 1700 | SHA-512 | Raw Hash
 5000 | SHA-3(Keccak) | Raw Hash
 10100 | SipHash | Raw Hash
 6000 | RipeMD160 | Raw Hash
 6100 | Whirlpool | Raw Hash
 6900 | GOST R 34.11-94 | Raw Hash
 11700 | GOST R 34.11-2012 (Streebog) 256-bit | Raw Hash
 11800 | GOST R 34.11-2012 (Streebog) 512-bit | Raw Hash
 10 | md5($pass.$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 20 | md5($salt.$pass) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 30 | md5(unicode($pass).$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 40 | md5($salt.unicode($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 3800 | md5($salt.$pass.$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 3710 | md5($salt.md5($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 2600 | md5(md5($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 4300 | md5(strtoupper(md5($pass))) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 4400 | md5(sha1($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 110 | sha1($pass.$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 120 | sha1($salt.$pass) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 130 | sha1(unicode($pass).$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 140 | sha1($salt.unicode($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 4500 | sha1(sha1($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 4700 | sha1(md5($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 4900 | sha1($salt.$pass.$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 1410 | sha256($pass.$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 1420 | sha256($salt.$pass) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 1430 | sha256(unicode($pass).$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 1440 | sha256($salt.unicode($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 1710 | sha512($pass.$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 1720 | sha512($salt.$pass) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 1730 | sha512(unicode($pass).$salt) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 1740 | sha512($salt.unicode($pass)) | Raw Hash, Salted and / or Iterated
 50 | HMAC-MD5 (key = $pass) | Raw Hash, Authenticated
 60 | HMAC-MD5 (key = $salt) | Raw Hash, Authenticated
 150 | HMAC-SHA1 (key = $pass) | Raw Hash, Authenticated
 160 | HMAC-SHA1 (key = $salt) | Raw Hash, Authenticated
 1450 | HMAC-SHA256 (key = $pass) | Raw Hash, Authenticated
 1460 | HMAC-SHA256 (key = $salt) | Raw Hash, Authenticated
 1750 | HMAC-SHA512 (key = $pass) | Raw Hash, Authenticated
 1760 | HMAC-SHA512 (key = $salt) | Raw Hash, Authenticated
 14000 | DES (PT = $salt, key = $pass) | Raw Cipher, Known-Plaintext attack
 14100 | 3DES (PT = $salt, key = $pass) | Raw Cipher, Known-Plaintext attack
 400 | phpass | Generic KDF
 8900 | scrypt | Generic KDF
 11900 | PBKDF2-HMAC-MD5 | Generic KDF
 12000 | PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA1 | Generic KDF
 10900 | PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 | Generic KDF
 12100 | PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA512 | Generic KDF
 23 | Skype | Network protocols
 2500 | WPA/WPA2 | Network protocols
 4800 | iSCSI CHAP authentication, MD5(Chap) | Network protocols
 5300 | IKE-PSK MD5 | Network protocols
 5400 | IKE-PSK SHA1 | Network protocols
 5500 | NetNTLMv1 | Network protocols
 5500 | NetNTLMv1 + ESS | Network protocols
 5600 | NetNTLMv2 | Network protocols
 7300 | IPMI2 RAKP HMAC-SHA1 | Network protocols
 7500 | Kerberos 5 AS-REQ Pre-Auth etype 23 | Network protocols
 8300 | DNSSEC (NSEC3) | Network protocols
 10200 | Cram MD5 | Network protocols
 11100 | PostgreSQL CRAM (MD5) | Network protocols
 11200 | MySQL CRAM (SHA1) | Network protocols
 11400 | SIP digest authentication (MD5) | Network protocols
 13100 | Kerberos 5 TGS-REP etype 23 | Network protocols
 121 | SMF (Simple Machines Forum) | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 400 | phpBB3 | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 2611 | vBulletin < v3.8.5 | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 2711 | vBulletin > v3.8.5 | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 2811 | MyBB | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 2811 | IPB (Invison Power Board) | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 8400 | WBB3 (Woltlab Burning Board) | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 11 | Joomla < 2.5.18 | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 400 | Joomla > 2.5.18 | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 400 | WordPress | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 2612 | PHPS | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 7900 | Drupal7 | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 21 | osCommerce | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 21 | xt:Commerce | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 11000 | PrestaShop | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 124 | Django (SHA-1) | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 10000 | Django (PBKDF2-SHA256) | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 3711 | Mediawiki B type | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 7600 | Redmine | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 13900 | OpenCart | Forums, CMS, E-Commerce, Frameworks
 12 | PostgreSQL | Database Server
 131 | MSSQL(2000) | Database Server
 132 | MSSQL(2005) | Database Server
 1731 | MSSQL(2012) | Database Server
 1731 | MSSQL(2014) | Database Server
 200 | MySQL323 | Database Server
 300 | MySQL4.1/MySQL5 | Database Server
 3100 | Oracle H: Type (Oracle 7+) | Database Server
 112 | Oracle S: Type (Oracle 11+) | Database Server
 12300 | Oracle T: Type (Oracle 12+) | Database Server
 8000 | Sybase ASE | Database Server
 141 | EPiServer 6.x < v4 | HTTP, SMTP, LDAP Server
 1441 | EPiServer 6.x > v4 | HTTP, SMTP, LDAP Server
 1600 | Apache $apr1$ | HTTP, SMTP, LDAP Server
 12600 | ColdFusion 10+ | HTTP, SMTP, LDAP Server
 1421 | hMailServer | HTTP, SMTP, LDAP Server
 101 | nsldap, SHA-1(Base64), Netscape LDAP SHA | HTTP, SMTP, LDAP Server
 111 | nsldaps, SSHA-1(Base64), Netscape LDAP SSHA | HTTP, SMTP, LDAP Server
 1711 | SSHA-512(Base64), LDAP {SSHA512} | HTTP, SMTP, LDAP Server
 11500 | CRC32 | Checksums
 3000 | LM | Operating-Systems
 1000 | NTLM | Operating-Systems
 1100 | Domain Cached Credentials (DCC), MS Cache | Operating-Systems
 2100 | Domain Cached Credentials 2 (DCC2), MS Cache 2 | Operating-Systems
 12800 | MS-AzureSync PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 | Operating-Systems
 1500 | descrypt, DES(Unix), Traditional DES | Operating-Systems
 12400 | BSDiCrypt, Extended DES | Operating-Systems
 500 | md5crypt $1$, MD5(Unix) | Operating-Systems
 3200 | bcrypt $2*$, Blowfish(Unix) | Operating-Systems
 7400 | sha256crypt $5$, SHA256(Unix) | Operating-Systems
 1800 | sha512crypt $6$, SHA512(Unix) | Operating-Systems
 122 | OSX v10.4, OSX v10.5, OSX v10.6 | Operating-Systems
 1722 | OSX v10.7 | Operating-Systems
 7100 | OSX v10.8, OSX v10.9, OSX v10.10 | Operating-Systems
 6300 | AIX {smd5} | Operating-Systems
 6700 | AIX {ssha1} | Operating-Systems
 6400 | AIX {ssha256} | Operating-Systems
 6500 | AIX {ssha512} | Operating-Systems
 2400 | Cisco-PIX | Operating-Systems
 2410 | Cisco-ASA | Operating-Systems
 500 | Cisco-IOS $1$ | Operating-Systems
 5700 | Cisco-IOS $4$ | Operating-Systems
 9200 | Cisco-IOS $8$ | Operating-Systems
 9300 | Cisco-IOS $9$ | Operating-Systems
 22 | Juniper Netscreen/SSG (ScreenOS) | Operating-Systems
 501 | Juniper IVE | Operating-Systems
 5800 | Android PIN | Operating-Systems
 13800 | Windows 8+ phone PIN/Password | Operating-Systems
 8100 | Citrix Netscaler | Operating-Systems
 8500 | RACF | Operating-Systems
 7200 | GRUB 2 | Operating-Systems
 9900 | Radmin2 | Operating-Systems
 125 | ArubaOS | Operating-Systems
 7700 | SAP CODVN B (BCODE) | Enterprise Application Software (EAS)
 7800 | SAP CODVN F/G (PASSCODE) | Enterprise Application Software (EAS)
 10300 | SAP CODVN H (PWDSALTEDHASH) iSSHA-1 | Enterprise Application Software (EAS)
 8600 | Lotus Notes/Domino 5 | Enterprise Application Software (EAS)
 8700 | Lotus Notes/Domino 6 | Enterprise Application Software (EAS)
 9100 | Lotus Notes/Domino 8 | Enterprise Application Software (EAS)
 133 | PeopleSoft | Enterprise Application Software (EAS)
 13500 | PeopleSoft Token | Enterprise Application Software (EAS)
 11600 | 7-Zip | Archives
 12500 | RAR3-hp | Archives
 13000 | RAR5 | Archives
 13200 | AxCrypt | Archives
 13300 | AxCrypt in memory SHA1 | Archives
 13600 | WinZip | Archives
 62XY | TrueCrypt | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 X | 1 = PBKDF2-HMAC-RipeMD160 | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 X | 2 = PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA512 | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 X | 3 = PBKDF2-HMAC-Whirlpool | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 X | 4 = PBKDF2-HMAC-RipeMD160 + boot-mode | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 1 = XTS 512 bit pure AES | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 1 = XTS 512 bit pure Serpent | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 1 = XTS 512 bit pure Twofish | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 2 = XTS 1024 bit pure AES | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 2 = XTS 1024 bit pure Serpent | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 2 = XTS 1024 bit pure Twofish | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 2 = XTS 1024 bit cascaded AES-Twofish | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 2 = XTS 1024 bit cascaded Serpent-AES | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 2 = XTS 1024 bit cascaded Twofish-Serpent | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 3 = XTS 1536 bit all | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 8800 | Android FDE < v4.3 | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 12900 | Android FDE (Samsung DEK) | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 12200 | eCryptfs | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 137XY | VeraCrypt | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 X | 1 = PBKDF2-HMAC-RipeMD160 | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 X | 2 = PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA512 | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 X | 3 = PBKDF2-HMAC-Whirlpool | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 X | 4 = PBKDF2-HMAC-RipeMD160 + boot-mode | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 X | 5 = PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 X | 6 = PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 + boot-mode | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 1 = XTS 512 bit pure AES | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 1 = XTS 512 bit pure Serpent | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 1 = XTS 512 bit pure Twofish | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 2 = XTS 1024 bit pure AES | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 2 = XTS 1024 bit pure Serpent | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 2 = XTS 1024 bit pure Twofish | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 2 = XTS 1024 bit cascaded AES-Twofish | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 2 = XTS 1024 bit cascaded Serpent-AES | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 2 = XTS 1024 bit cascaded Twofish-Serpent | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 Y | 3 = XTS 1536 bit all | Full-Disk encryptions (FDE)
 9700 | MS Office <= 2003 $0|$1, MD5 + RC4 | Documents
 9710 | MS Office <= 2003 $0|$1, MD5 + RC4, collider #1 | Documents
 9720 | MS Office <= 2003 $0|$1, MD5 + RC4, collider #2 | Documents
 9800 | MS Office <= 2003 $3|$4, SHA1 + RC4 | Documents
 9810 | MS Office <= 2003 $3|$4, SHA1 + RC4, collider #1 | Documents
 9820 | MS Office <= 2003 $3|$4, SHA1 + RC4, collider #2 | Documents
 9400 | MS Office 2007 | Documents
 9500 | MS Office 2010 | Documents
 9600 | MS Office 2013 | Documents
 10400 | PDF 1.1 - 1.3 (Acrobat 2 - 4) | Documents
 10410 | PDF 1.1 - 1.3 (Acrobat 2 - 4), collider #1 | Documents
 10420 | PDF 1.1 - 1.3 (Acrobat 2 - 4), collider #2 | Documents
 10500 | PDF 1.4 - 1.6 (Acrobat 5 - 8) | Documents
 10600 | PDF 1.7 Level 3 (Acrobat 9) | Documents
 10700 | PDF 1.7 Level 8 (Acrobat 10 - 11) | Documents
 9000 | Password Safe v2 | Password Managers
 5200 | Password Safe v3 | Password Managers
 6800 | Lastpass + Lastpass sniffed | Password Managers
 6600 | 1Password, agilekeychain | Password Managers
 8200 | 1Password, cloudkeychain | Password Managers
 11300 | Bitcoin/Litecoin wallet.dat | Password Managers
 12700 | Blockchain, My Wallet | Password Managers
 13400 | Keepass 1 (AES/Twofish) and Keepass 2 (AES) | Password Managers

- [ Outfile Formats ] -

# | Format
 ===+========
 1 | hash[:salt]
 2 | plain
 3 | hash[:salt]:plain
 4 | hex_plain
 5 | hash[:salt]:hex_plain
 6 | plain:hex_plain
 7 | hash[:salt]:plain:hex_plain
 8 | crackpos
 9 | hash[:salt]:crack_pos
 10 | plain:crack_pos
 11 | hash[:salt]:plain:crack_pos
 12 | hex_plain:crack_pos
 13 | hash[:salt]:hex_plain:crack_pos
 14 | plain:hex_plain:crack_pos
 15 | hash[:salt]:plain:hex_plain:crack_pos

- [ Rule Debugging Modes ] -

# | Format
 ===+========
 1 | Finding-Rule
 2 | Original-Word
 3 | Original-Word:Finding-Rule
 4 | Original-Word:Finding-Rule:Processed-Word

- [ Attack Modes ] -

# | Mode
 ===+======
 0 | Straight
 1 | Combination
 3 | Brute-force
 6 | Hybrid Wordlist + Mask
 7 | Hybrid Mask + Wordlist

- [ Built-in Charsets ] -

? | Charset
 ===+=========
 l | abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
 u | ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
 d | 0123456789
 s | !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>[email protected][\]^_`{|}~
 a | ?l?u?d?s
 b | 0x00 - 0xff

- [ OpenCL Device Types ] -

# | Device Type
 ===+=============
 1 | CPU
 2 | GPU
 3 | FPGA, DSP, Co-Processor

- [ Workload Profiles ] -

# | Performance | Runtime | Power Consumption | Desktop Impact
 ===+=============+=========+===================+=================
 1 | Low | 2 ms | Low | Minimal
 2 | Default | 12 ms | Economic | Noticeable
 3 | High | 96 ms | High | Unresponsive
 4 | Nightmare | 480 ms | Insane | Headless

- [ Basic Examples ] -

Attack- | Hash- |
 Mode | Type | Example command
 ==================+=======+==================================================================
 Wordlist | $P$ | hashcat -a 0 -m 400 example400.hash example.dict
 Wordlist + Rules | MD5 | hashcat -a 0 -m 0 example0.hash example.dict -r rules/best64.rule
 Brute-Force | MD5 | hashcat -a 3 -m 0 example0.hash ?a?a?a?a?a?a
 Combinator | MD5 | hashcat -a 1 -m 0 example0.hash example.dict example.dict

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