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Java設計模式—原型模式

目錄

目的

應用例項

程式碼


 

  • 目的

原型模式屬於物件的建立模式。通過給出一個原型物件來指明所有建立的物件的型別,然後用複製這個原型物件的辦法創建出更多同類型的物件。即用原型例項指定建立物件的種類,並且通過拷貝這些原型建立新的物件。

  • 應用例項

  1. 細胞的分裂

  2. Java中Object 的 clone()方法

  • 程式碼

原型角色:定義用於複製現有例項來生成新例項的方法;

package com.gary.pattern;

public abstract class Shape implements Cloneable {
    private String id;
    protected String type;

    abstract void draw();

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    //定義複製現有例項來生成新例項的方法
    public Object clone(){
        Object clone = null;
        try {
            clone = super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return clone;
    }
}

具體實現角色:實現用於複製現有例項來生成新例項的方法

package com.gary.pattern;

public class Rectangle extends Shape {

    public Rectangle(){
        type = "Rectangle";
    }

    @Override
    public void draw() {
        System.out.println("Inside Rectangle::draw() method.");
    }
}
package com.gary.pattern;

public class Square extends Shape {

    public Square(){
        type = "Square";
    }

    @Override
    public void draw() {
        System.out.println("Inside Square::draw() method.");
    }
}
package com.gary.pattern;

public class Circle extends Shape {
 
   public Circle(){
     type = "Circle";
   }
 
   @Override
   public void draw() {
      System.out.println("Inside Circle::draw() method.");
   }
}

使用者角色:維護一個登錄檔,並提供一個找出正確例項原型的方法。最後,提供一個獲取新例項的方法,用來委託複製例項的方法生成新例項。

package com.gary.pattern;

import java.util.Hashtable;
 
public class ShapeCache {
    
   private static Hashtable<String, Shape> shapeMap 
      = new Hashtable<String, Shape>();
 
   public static Shape getShape(String shapeId) {
      Shape cachedShape = shapeMap.get(shapeId);
      return (Shape) cachedShape.clone();
   }

   /**
    * 對每種形狀都執行資料庫查詢,並建立該形狀
    * shapeMap.put(shapeKey, shape);
    * 例如,我們要新增三種形狀
    */
   public static void loadCache() {
      Circle circle = new Circle();
      circle.setId("1");
      shapeMap.put(circle.getId(),circle);
 
      Square square = new Square();
      square.setId("2");
      shapeMap.put(square.getId(),square);
 
      Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle();
      rectangle.setId("3");
      shapeMap.put(rectangle.getId(),rectangle);
   }
}

測試:

package com.gary.pattern;

public class PrototypePatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ShapeCache.loadCache();
 
      Shape clonedShape = (Shape) ShapeCache.getShape("1");
      System.out.println("Shape : " + clonedShape.getType());        
 
      Shape clonedShape2 = (Shape) ShapeCache.getShape("2");
      System.out.printlna"Shape : " + clonedShape2.getType());        
 
      Shape clonedShape3 = (Shape) ShapeCache.getShape("3");
      System.out.println("Shape : " + clonedShape3.getType());        
   }
}

結果


Shape : Circle
Shape : Square
Shape : Rectangle

Process finished with exit code 0