一種遞迴計算的高效方法
周海漢/文 http://abloz.com 遞迴計算,有時能非常直觀的解決問題,但是非常耗資源,計算很慢,還可能導致堆疊耗盡,計算失敗。所以很多時候具體實現時不提倡採用遞迴,而是將遞迴轉為迴圈的方式來實現。但這種方式又不直觀,容易出錯。
有沒有一種方法可以即遞迴,又快速實現,減少運算資源消耗呢? python中的生成器是一種解決方案。以斐波納契數列為例:
def fibonacci(n):
a,b=0,1
for i in xrange(n):
yield a
a,b=b,a+b
x=fibonacci(100)
print list(x)
$ python fib.py [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765, 10946, 17711, 28657, 46368, 75025, 121393, 196418, 317811, 514229, 832040, 1346269, 2178309, 3524578, 5702887, 9227465, 14930352, 24157817, 39088169, 63245986, 102334155, 165580141, 267914296, 433494437, 701408733, 1134903170, 1836311903, 2971215073, 4807526976, 7778742049, 12586269025, 20365011074, 32951280099, 53316291173, 86267571272, 139583862445, 225851433717, 365435296162, 591286729879, 956722026041, 1548008755920, 2504730781961, 4052739537881, 6557470319842, 10610209857723, 17167680177565, 27777890035288, 44945570212853, 72723460248141, 117669030460994, 190392490709135, 308061521170129, 498454011879264, 806515533049393, 1304969544928657, 2111485077978050, 3416454622906707, 5527939700884757, 8944394323791464, 14472334024676221, 23416728348467685, 37889062373143906, 61305790721611591, 99194853094755497, 160500643816367088, 259695496911122585, 420196140727489673, 679891637638612258, 1100087778366101931, 1779979416004714189, 2880067194370816120, 4660046610375530309, 7540113804746346429, 12200160415121876738L, 19740274219868223167L, 31940434634990099905L, 51680708854858323072L, 83621143489848422977L, 135301852344706746049L, 218922995834555169026L]
另一種方法,更具有通用性,適合任何語言。這是本文重點。 思想精髓是儲存遞迴結果到map對映表中。
本文用python來作為指令碼語言:
r={}
def recusive(n):
# init
# return exit result
if n in r:
return r[n]
else:
r[n]=f(n-1,n-2 ... )
對於fibonacci,實現如下:
$ cat fib1.py f={} def fibonacci(n): if n<=0: return 0 if n<=2: return 1 if n in f: return f[n] f[n]=fibonacci(n-1)+fibonacci(n-2) return f[n] for i in xrange(100): print fibonacci(i)
[email protected]:~$ python fib1.py 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 … 83621143489848422977 135301852344706746049 218922995834555169026
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