Java實現快速排序、歸併排序、堆排序和希爾排序
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-12-23
快速排序
演算法思想
1.將陣列的第一個元素取為target,定義兩個指標i 和 j;
2.指標i ,從左向右找到第一個比target大的元素,指標j從右向左找到第一個比target小的元素,若i小於j,則交換i, j 指標指向的元素的值;
3.指標i繼續從左向右搜尋,指標j繼續從右向左搜尋,重複步驟2直到某一次停下來以後i>j,此時交換target與j指向元素的位置,這樣即可保證target左邊的元素都小於它,target右邊的元素都大於它;
4.遞迴target左右兩部分,直到只剩下1個元素。
平均、最好時間複雜度:O(nlgn) 最差時間複雜度:O(n^2)
空間複雜度:O(1) (也可以說需要的空間是O(n),因為在遞迴呼叫時有棧的開銷,最壞是O(n),平均是O(logn))
程式碼實現
public class QuickSort {
public static void quickSort(int[] R, int low, int high){
if(low >= high)
return;
int i = low+1;
int j = high;
while(i<j){
while(R[i]<=R[low] && i<high)
i++;
while (R[j]>R[low] && j>low)
j--;
if(i<j){
int temp = R[i];
R[i] = R[j];
R[j] = temp;
}
}
int temp = R[j];
R[j] = R[low];
R[low] = temp;
quickSort(R, low, j - 1 );
quickSort(R , j+1, high);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = new int[10000];
Random r = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
arr[i] = Math.abs(r.nextInt(1000));
}
quickSort(arr, 0, arr.length - 1);
if (check(arr)) System.out.println("right");
else System.out.println("wrong");
}
public static boolean check(int[] arr) {
for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
if (arr[i] < arr[i - 1]) {
System.out.println(arr[i - 1] + " " + arr[i]);
System.out.println("position is " + i);
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
歸併排序
演算法思想
1.將原陣列不斷二分,直到葉節點只剩一個元素
2.將同屬一個父節點的兩個兒子合併成有序的陣列,該父節點即變為有序陣列
3.遞迴的劃分併合並,即可得到最終有序的陣列
平均、最好、最差時間複雜度:O(nlgn) 空間複雜度:O(n)
public class mergeSort {
public static void merge(int[] R, int low1, int high1, int low2, int high2){
int i = low1;
int j = low2;
int[] temp = new int[high1-low1+1+high2-low2+1];
int index = 0;
while(i<=high1 && j<=high2){
if(R[i]<=R[j]){
temp[index] = R[i];
i ++;
}
else{
temp[index] = R[j];
j ++;
}
index ++;
}
if(i>high1){
while(j<=high2){
temp[index] = R[j];
j ++;
index ++;
}
}
if(j>high2){
while(i<=high1){
temp[index] = R[i];
i ++;
index ++;
}
}
int m = low1;
for(int k=0;k<temp.length;k++,m++)
R[m] = temp[k];
}
public static void MergeSort(int[] R, int low, int high){
if(low >= high)
return;
int mid = (low+high)/2;
MergeSort(R, low, mid);
MergeSort(R, mid+1, high);
merge(R, low, mid, mid+1, high);
}
public static void main(String[] args){
int[] R = {5,7,3,19,4,9,17,15,12,31,23,30,5,8,1,17,16,5,3};
MergeSort(R, 0, R.length-1);
for(int i=0;i<R.length;i++)
System.out.printf("%d ",R[i]);
}
}
堆排序
public class HeapSort {
public static void rebuildHeap(int[] A, int start, int end){
int i = start;
while(i<=end/2 -1) {
if(A[i]>A[2*i+1] && 2*i+2<end && A[i]>A[2*i+2]|| A[i]>A[2*i+1] && 2*i+2>end )
break;
else{
if(2*i+2<end) {
if (A[2*i + 1] >= A[2*i + 2]) {
swap(A, i, 2 * i + 1);
i = 2*i + 1;
}
else {
swap(A,i,2*i +2);
i = 2*i + 2;
}
}
else{
swap(A, i, 2 * i + 1);
i = 2*i + 1;
}
}
}
}
public static void HeapSort(int[] A){
int n = A.length;
int start = n/2 - 1;
for(int i=start;i>=0;i-- ){
rebuildHeap(A, i, n-1);
}
for(int j=n-1;j>0;j--){
swap(A, 0, j);
rebuildHeap(A,0,j-1);
}
}
public static void swap(int[] A,int a,int b){
int temp = A[a];
A[a] = A[b];
A[b] = temp;
}
public static void main(String[] args){
int[] A = new int[]{6,12,3,7,8,2,9,11,35,12,8,22};
HeapSort(A);
for(int i:A){
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}
希爾排序
public class ShellSort {
public static void shellSort(int[] A){
for(int gap = A.length/2; gap > 0; gap/=2)
for(int i=gap;i<A.length;i++){
for(int j=i;j>=gap;j-=gap){
if(A[j]<A[j-gap]){
int temp = A[j];
A[j] = A[j-gap];
A[j-gap] = temp;
}
else break;
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
int[] A = new int[]{6,2,12,3,5,14,22,24,7};
shellSort(A);
for(int x:A)
System.out.println(x);
}
}