SQL SERVER 2005之前的版本只能用函式方法實現，SQL SERVER 2005之後新增了CTE功能，可以利用CTE實現遞迴查詢；

　　CTE：公用表示式Common Table Expression 是SQL SERVER 2005版本之後引入的一個特性；

#填充測試資料

1、sql

 1 Create table GroupInfo1([Id] int,[GroupName] nvarchar(50),[ParentGroupId] int)
 2 
 3 Insert GroupInfo1
 4 
 5 select 0,'某某大學',null union all
 

 6 
 7 select 1,'外語學院',0 union all
 8 select 2,'英語專業',1 union all
 9 select 3,'日語專業',1 union all
10 select 4,'英語專業一班',2 union all
11 select 5,'英語專業二班',2 union all
12 select 6,'日語專業一班',3 union all
13 select 7,'日語專業二班',3 union all
14 
15 select 8, '法學院',0 union all
16 select 9, '刑法學專業',8 union
 
 all
17 select 10,'經濟法學專業',8 union all
18 select 11,'刑法學專業一班',9 union all
19 select 12,'刑法學專業二班',9 union all
20 select 13,'經濟法學專業一班',10 union all
21 select 14,'經濟法學專業二班',10 

2、效果圖

#遞迴實現Demo

1、根據指定的節點向上獲取所有父節點,向下獲取所有子節點

 1 --根據指定的節點向下獲取所有子節點
 2 with
 3 CTE
 4 as
 5 (
 6     select
 
 * from GroupInfo where Id=1
 7     union all
 8     select G.* from CTE inner join GroupInfo as G
 9     on CTE.Id=G.ParentGroupId
10 )
11 select * from CTE order by Id

 1 --根據指定的節點向上獲取所有父節點
 2 with
 3 CTE
 4 as
 5 (
 6     select * from GroupInfo where Id=14
 7     union all
 8     select G.* from CTE inner join GroupInfo as G
 9     on CTE.ParentGroupId=G.Id
10 )
11 select * from CTE order by Id

2、構造遞迴路徑

 1 --構造遞迴路徑
 2 with
 3 CTE
 4 as
 5 (
 6     select Id,GroupName,ParentGroupId,GroupPath=CAST( GroupName as nvarchar(max)) from GroupInfo where Id=1
 7     union all
 8     select G.*,CAST(CTE.GroupPath+'//'+G.GroupName as nvarchar(max)) as GroupPath from CTE 
 9     inner join GroupInfo as G
10     on CTE.Id=G.ParentGroupId
11 )
12 select * from CTE

 3、分組遞迴，將同一條分支上節點放到一起

 1 --通過id欄位的字串的拼接，形成sort欄位，再通過sort排序，來實現同一分支上的節點放到一起
 2 WITH    
 3 CTE
 4 AS 
 5 ( 
 6     SELECT * ,CAST(RIGHT('000' + CAST([Id] AS VARCHAR), 3) AS VARCHAR(MAX)) AS sort FROM GroupInfo
 7     WHERE ParentGroupId = 0
 8     UNION ALL
 9     SELECT   GroupInfo.* ,CAST(sort + RIGHT('000' + CAST(GroupInfo.[Id] AS VARCHAR),3) AS VARCHAR(MAX)) AS sort
10     FROM CTE
11     INNER JOIN GroupInfo ON CTE.Id = GroupInfo.ParentGroupId
12 )
13 SELECT * FROM CTE ORDER BY sort 

4、遞迴層級查詢（查詢出節點所屬的層級）

1 --查詢節點層級
2 WITH CTE AS (
3     SELECT *,1 AS [Level] FROM GroupInfo WHERE ParentGroupId=0
4     UNION ALL
5     SELECT G.*,CTE.Level+1 FROM GroupInfo as G 
6     JOIN CTE ON CTE.Id =G.ParentGroupId
7 )
8 SELECT * FROM CTE