Elasticsearch淺嘗搜尋
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-26
一、場景簡述
既然是說Elasticsearch全文搜尋引擎，那麼筆者就在Elasticsearch中的一些簡單的搜尋來入門Elasticsearch，借用官網的一句話“你知道的，為了搜尋...”
二、場景實現
當然！記得啟動Elasticsearch
其次在來看一張圖，理解什麼是ES叢集、索引、文件、屬性，方便後文的理解
1、插入資料
- PUT：向ES中新增文件
- myindex：索引名稱
- mydoc：文件名稱
- 1 2 3..：特定使用者的編號
PUT /myindex/mydoc/1 { "name":"qianran", "age":20, "work":"java", "about":"I love to go rock climbing" } PUT /myindex/mydoc/2 { "name":"linjie", "age":29, "work":"java", "about":"I want to climbing" } PUT /myindex/mydoc/3 { "name":"jay", "age":23, "work":"C++", "about":"happy.." } PUT /myindex/mydoc/4 { "name":"lucy", "age":22, "work":"java", "about":"xixi.." }
若返回結果如下，即代表新增資料成功
{
"_index": "myindex",
"_type": "mydoc",
"_id": "4",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"created": true
}2、GET簡單搜尋
GET /myindex/mydoc/1即可返回相應的文件
{ "_index": "myindex", "_type": "mydoc", "_id": "1", "_version": 1, "found": true, "_source": { "name": "qianran", "age": 20, "work": "java", "about": "I love to go rock climbing" } }
3、GET搜尋所有文件
GET /myindex/mydoc/_search即可返回所有文件
{ "took": 168, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 4, "max_score": 1, "hits": [ { "_index": "myindex", "_type": "mydoc", "_id": "2", "_score": 1, "_source": { "name": "linjie", "age": 29, "work": "java", "about": "I want to climbing" } }, { "_index": "myindex", "_type": "mydoc", "_id": "4", "_score": 1, "_source": { "name": "lucy", "age": 22, "work": "java", "about": "xixi.." } }, { "_index": "myindex", "_type": "mydoc", "_id": "1", "_score": 1, "_source": { "name": "qianran", "age": 20, "work": "java", "about": "I love to go rock climbing" } }, { "_index": "myindex", "_type": "mydoc", "_id": "3", "_score": 1, "_source": { "name": "jay", "age": 23, "work": "C++", "about": "happy.." } } ] } }
4、GET條件搜尋
使用_search端點，並將查詢本身賦值給引數q
GET /myindex/mydoc/_search?q=work:java即可返回work是java的文件
{
"took": 61,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,
"max_score": 0.2876821,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myindex",
"_type": "mydoc",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 0.2876821,
"_source": {
"name": "qianran",
"age": 20,
"work": "java",
"about": "I love to go rock climbing"
}
},
{
"_index": "myindex",
"_type": "mydoc",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 0.18232156,
"_source": {
"name": "linjie",
"age": 29,
"work": "java",
"about": "I want to climbing"
}
},
{
"_index": "myindex",
"_type": "mydoc",
"_id": "4",
"_score": 0.18232156,
"_source": {
"name": "lucy",
"age": 22,
"work": "java",
"about": "xixi.."
}
}
]
}
}5、GET表示式搜尋
它支援構建更加複雜和健壯的查詢
GET /myindex/mydoc/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"work":"java"
}
}
}即可返回work是java的文件
{
"took": 17,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,
"max_score": 0.2876821,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myindex",
"_type": "mydoc",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 0.2876821,
"_source": {
"name": "qianran",
"age": 20,
"work": "java",
"about": "I love to go rock climbing"
}
},
{
"_index": "myindex",
"_type": "mydoc",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 0.18232156,
"_source": {
"name": "linjie",
"age": 29,
"work": "java",
"about": "I want to climbing"
}
},
{
"_index": "myindex",
"_type": "mydoc",
"_id": "4",
"_score": 0.18232156,
"_source": {
"name": "lucy",
"age": 22,
"work": "java",
"about": "xixi.."
}
}
]
}
}6、GET表示式搜尋多條件
work:java age大於25
gt：_great than 表示大於
當然還有許多，如下：
eq相等 ne、neq不相等， gt大於， lt小於 gte、ge大於等於 lte、le 小於等於 not非 mod求模 is [not] div by是否能被某數整除 is [not] even是否為偶數 is [not] even by $b即($a / $b) % 2 == 0 is [not] odd是否為奇 is not odd by $b即($a / $b) % 2 != 0
GET /myindex/mydoc/_search
{
"query" : {
"bool": {
"must": {
"match" : {
"work" : "java"
}
},
"filter": {
"range" : {
"age" : { "gt" : 25 }
}
}
}
}
}即可返回age大於25，並且work是java的文件
{
"took": 70,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 0.18232156,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myindex",
"_type": "mydoc",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 0.18232156,
"_source": {
"name": "linjie",
"age": 29,
"work": "java",
"about": "I want to climbing"
}
}
]
}
}7、GET全文搜尋
在全文中搜索某句，得到文件結果 結果會有_score屬性，即相關性得分，得到分數越高，匹配程度越高
GET /myindex/mydoc/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"about":"climbing"
}
}
}即可返回about屬性中有climbing的文件，並且有_score屬性來顯示相關性得分
{
"took": 23,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 0.5565415,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myindex",
"_type": "mydoc",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 0.5565415,
"_source": {
"name": "linjie",
"age": 29,
"work": "java",
"about": "I want to climbing"
}
},
{
"_index": "myindex",
"_type": "mydoc",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 0.26742277,
"_source": {
"name": "qianran",
"age": 20,
"work": "java",
"about": "I love to go rock climbing"
}
}
]
}
}8、GET短語搜尋
精確搜尋某短語，需要將match改成match_phrase
GET /myindex/mydoc/_search
{
"query": {
"match_phrase": {
"about":"I want"
}
}
}即可返回有about中有I want，如果是全文搜尋，只要有I的也會被搜尋出來，這就是短語搜尋和全文搜素的區別
{
"took": 28,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 1.113083,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myindex",
"_type": "mydoc",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1.113083,
"_source": {
"name": "linjie",
"age": 29,
"work": "java",
"about": "I want to climbing"
}
}
]
}
}9、GET高亮搜尋
讓使用者知道為何該文件符合查詢結果
GET /myindex/mydoc/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"about":"I want"
}
},
"highlight": {
"fields": {
"about":{}
}
}
}即可返回有I 或者有want 的文件，並且通過<em>標籤進行高亮
{
"took": 56,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 1.113083,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myindex",
"_type": "mydoc",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1.113083,
"_source": {
"name": "linjie",
"age": 29,
"work": "java",
"about": "I want to climbing"
},
"highlight": {
"about": [
"<em>I</em> <em>want</em> to climbing"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "myindex",
"_type": "mydoc",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 0.26742277,
"_source": {
"name": "qianran",
"age": 20,
"work": "java",
"about": "I love to go rock climbing"
},
"highlight": {
"about": [
"<em>I</em> love to go rock climbing"
]
}
}
]
}
}以上就是ES的簡單搜尋