使用innobackupex線上備份及恢復mysql資料庫
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-12-26
一、安裝解壓
# yum -y install mysql mysql-libs mysql-server MySQL-python
2.建立資料庫
create database dotatest;
mysql -uroot -p dotatest > zhan_data.sql
python mysql_update.py –host localhost –user root –passwd “” –db dotatest
use dotatest;
show tables;
desc item;
insert into item (player, item, count ) values (1, 1, 1 ); 插入一條資料
insert into item (player, item, count) values (2, 2, 2 );
select * from item;
3.安裝依賴包
# yum install cmake gcc gcc-c++ libaio libaio-devel automake autoconf bzr bison libtool ncurses-devel zlib-devel libgcrypt libgcrypt-devel perl-Time-HiRes
4.解壓安裝
[root@localhost home]# tar xf percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8-587.tar.gz
[root@localhost home]# mysql --version
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.61, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1
[root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8]# pwd
/home/percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8
[root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-2.0 .8]# cp bin/
innobackupex xbstream xtrabackup_51 xtrabackup_56
innobackupex-1.5.1 xtrabackup xtrabackup_55
[root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8]# cp bin/innobackupex /usr/bin/
[root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8]# cp bin/xtrabackup* /usr/bin/
二、常規備份檔案以及對單個數據庫備份
備份全部資料庫
[root@localhost /]# mkdir /home/data/backup/
[root@localhost /]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root /home/data/backup/
--defaults-file 指定mysql的配置檔案
--user 指定使用者
/home/data/backup/ 備份檔案的路徑
需要注意的是 如果不指定--defaults-file 預設會讀取/etc/my.cnf。如果你的配置檔案是自定義的,那麼一定要指定目錄,然後會在目錄下建立一個時間戳的目錄(我們本次建立的/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_11-08-23)
檢視備份是否成功
[root@localhost /]# cd /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_11-08-23/
[root@localhost 2014-03-11_11-08-23]# pwd
/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_11-08-23
[root@localhost 2014-03-11_11-08-23]# ls
backup-my.cnf ibdata1 test xtrabackup_binlog_info xtrabackup_logfile
dotatest mysql xtrabackup_binary xtrabackup_checkpoints zabbix
[root@localhost 2014-03-11_11-08-23]#
只針對一個數據庫備份
–database 是指定需要備份的資料庫
[[email protected] ~]# innobackupex --user=root --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --database=dotatest /home/data/backup/
三、常規恢復資料庫
恢復之前先停止資料庫,並且要刪除資料和日誌檔案
系統環境:
[root@localhost lib]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.3 (Final)
[root@localhost lib]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Jun 22 12:19:21 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost lib]# uname -r
2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64
[root@localhost lib]#
01.首先停止資料庫
[root@localhost 2014-03-11_16-52-44]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@localhost 2014-03-11_16-52-44]#
02.備份刪除mysql檔案
[root@localhost lib]# cp -a mysql/ mysql.bak
[root@localhost lib]# ls
alternatives dav dhclient games misc mysql nfs plymouth postfix random-seed rpm stateles
authconfig dbus fprint logrotate.status mlocate mysql.bak ntp polkit-1 prelink readahead rsyslog udev
[root@localhost lib]# cd mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
dotatest ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql test zabbix
[root@localhost mysql]# rm -rf *
03.來恢復檔案
恢復檔案分兩步,
第1步是apply-log,為了加快速度,一般建議設定--use-memory,這個步驟完成之後,目錄/backup/mysql/data/2013-10-29_09-05-25下的備份檔案已經準備就緒。
因為我們的檔案比較少,因此我們不需要設定--user-memory產數檔案
第2步是copy-back,即把備份檔案拷貝至原資料目錄下,--ibbackup xtrabackup_56作用是指定與本地安裝的mysql版本對應的xtrabackup
[root@localhost mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --apply-log /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/ --ibbackup xtrabackup_56
[root@localhost mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --copy-back /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/ --ibbackup xtrabackup_56
04.修改許可權 啟動服務
[root@localhost lib]# chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/ -R
[root@localhost lib]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@localhost lib]#
四、配置增量備份
增量備份及其恢復
注意:innobackupex 增量備份僅針對InnoDB這類支援事務的引擎,對於MyISAM等引擎,則仍然是全備。
01.首先到資料庫中插入一條資料
mysql> use dotatest;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from item;
+----+--------+------+-------+
| id | player | item | count |
+----+--------+------+-------+
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
+----+--------+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into item (player, item, count) values (3, 3, 3 );
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from item;
+----+--------+------+-------+
| id | player | item | count |
+----+--------+------+-------+
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
+----+--------+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
02.增量備份是基於一個數據庫的全部備份檔案的,在剛才我們備份了一個全備份,我們現在的增量備份就基於剛才的全部備份來做(2014-03-11_16-52-44)
需要注意如下兩個引數:
--incremental-basedir指向全備目錄;
--incremental指向增量備份的目錄;
如下增量備份:
[root@localhost backup]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --incremental-basedir=/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/ --incremental /home/data/backup/
……略……
innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_17-33-57'
innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename '', position
140311 17:34:16 innobackupex: completed OK!
03.檢視是否有備份檔案,最新的配置檔案就是我們剛才的增量備份檔案
[root@localhost backup]# pwd
/home/data/backup
[root@localhost backup]# ls
2014-03-11_16-52-44 2014-03-11_17-33-57
[root@localhost backup]#
在如下的檔案中我們可以發現增量備份的檔案from_lsn剛好等於全部備份的to_lsn
[[email protected] 2014-03-11_17-33-57]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints 增量備份檔案
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 657645
to_lsn = 659090
last_lsn = 659090
[[email protected] 2014-03-11_17-33-57]# cat ../2014-03-11_16-52-44/ xtrabackup_checkpoints 全域性備份
backup_type = full-prepared
from_lsn = 0
to_lsn = 657645
last_lsn = 657645
[[email protected] 2014-03-11_17-33-57]#
######五、在增量備份的基礎上再做增量備份
在備份之前我們在item表中再插入資料
mysql> insert into item (player, item, count) values (4, 4, 4 );
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> select * from item;
+----+--------+------+-------+
| id | player | item | count |
+----+--------+------+-------+
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
+----+--------+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
在增量備份的基礎上再做增量備份,我們需要新增如下引數
–incremental-basedir 執行上一次增量備份的目錄
如下備份:
[root@localhost 2014-03-11_17-33-57]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --incremental-basedir=/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_17-33-57/ --incremental /home/data/backup/
………中間部分略………
innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_18-03-54'
innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename '', position
140311 18:04:13 innobackupex: completed OK!
innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_18-10-13'
innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename '', position
140311 18:10:31 innobackupex: completed OK!
然後來檢視lsn號來:
[root@localhost 2014-03-11_18-10-13]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 659090
to_lsn = 659214
last_lsn = 659090
[root@localhost 2014-03-11_18-10-13]# cat ../2014-03-11_17-33-57/
backup-my.cnf ibdata1.meta xtrabackup_binary xtrabackup_logfile
dotatest/ mysql/ xtrabackup_binlog_info zabbix/
ibdata1.delta test/ xtrabackup_checkpoints
[root@localhost 2014-03-11_18-10-13]# cat ../2014-03-11_17-33-57/ xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 657645
to_lsn = 659090
last_lsn = 659090
[root@localhost 2014-03-11_18-10-13]#
六、恢復增量資料庫
停止資料庫
[root@localhost backup]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@localhost backup]#
備份資料庫
[root@localhost lib]# mv mysql mysql.bak.2
[root@localhost lib]# pwd
/var/lib
[root@localhost lib]#
這個恢復比恢復全部備份稍微複雜點,接下來我們來恢復
innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only BASE-DIR BASE-DIR指完整的全部備份目錄
innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only BASE-DIR --incremental-dir=INCREMENTAL-DIR-1 INCREMENTAL-DIR-1指第一次增量備份的目錄
innobackupex --apply-log BASE-DIR --incremental-dir=INCREMENTAL-DIR-2 BASE-DIR指
完整的全部備份目錄 INCREMENTAL-DIR-2第二次增量備份的目錄
01.在我們的環境中我們來執行如下操作,因為我們只有兩次的增量備份如下即可:
innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/
innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44 --incremental-dir=/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_17-33-57/
innobackupex --apply-log /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/ --incremental-dir=/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_18-10-13/
02.回滾未完成的日誌(需要注意的是恢復的時候,我們只恢復全備份檔案就可以了)
innobackupex --apply-log /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/
innobackupex --copy-back /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/
03.授權啟動
[root@localhost lib]# chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql -R
[root@localhost lib]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@localhost lib]#
04.檢查備份是否回來
mysql> use dotatest;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from item;
+----+--------+------+-------+
| id | player | item | count |
+----+--------+------+-------+
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
+----+--------+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
注意:
mkdir /var/lib/mysql
避免如下報錯
Original data directory '/var/lib/mysql' does not exist! at /usr/bin/innobackupex line 586