[LeetCode] Diameter of Binary Tree 二叉樹的直徑
Given a binary tree, you need to compute the length of the diameter of the tree. The diameter of a binary tree is the length of the longestpath between any two nodes in a tree. This path may or may not pass through the root.
Example:
Given a binary tree
1 / \ 2 3 / \ 4 5
Return 3, which is the length of the path [4,2,1,3] or [5,2,1,3].
Note: The length of path between two nodes is represented by the number of edges between them.
這道題讓我們求二叉樹的直徑,並告訴了我們直徑就是兩點之間的最遠距離,根據題目中的例子也不難理解題意。我們再來仔細觀察例子中的那兩個最長路徑[4,2,1,3] 和 [5,2,1,3],我們轉換一種角度來看,是不是其實就是根結點1的左右兩個子樹的深度之和再加1呢。那麼我們只要對每一個結點求出其左右子樹深度之和,再加上1就可以更新結果res了。為了減少重複計算,我們用雜湊表建立每個結點和其深度之間的對映,這樣某個結點的深度之前計算過了,就不用再次計算了,參見程式碼如下:
解法一:
class Solution { public: int diameterOfBinaryTree(TreeNode* root) { if (!root) return 0; int res = getHeight(root->left) + getHeight(root->right); return max(res, max(diameterOfBinaryTree(root->left), diameterOfBinaryTree(root->right))); }int getHeight(TreeNode* node) { if (!node) return 0; if (m.count(node)) return m[node]; int h = 1 + max(getHeight(node->left), getHeight(node->right)); return m[node] = h; } private: unordered_map<TreeNode*, int> m; };
上面的方法貌似有兩個遞迴函式,其實我們只需要用一個遞迴函式就可以了,我們再求深度的遞迴函式中順便就把直徑算出來了,而且貌似不用進行優化也能通過OJ,參見程式碼如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: int diameterOfBinaryTree(TreeNode* root) { int res = 0; maxDepth(root, res); return res; } int maxDepth(TreeNode* node, int& res) { if (!node) return 0; int left = maxDepth(node->left, res); int right = maxDepth(node->right, res); res = max(res, left + right); return max(left, right) + 1; } };
雖說不用進行優化也能通過OJ,但是畢竟還是優化一下好一點啊,參見程式碼如下:
解法三:
class Solution { public: int diameterOfBinaryTree(TreeNode* root) { int res = 0; maxDepth(root, res); return res; } int maxDepth(TreeNode* node, int& res) { if (!node) return 0; if (m.count(node)) return m[node]; int left = maxDepth(node->left, res); int right = maxDepth(node->right, res); res = max(res, left + right); return m[node] = (max(left, right) + 1); } private: unordered_map<TreeNode*, int> m; };
參考資料: