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[LeetCode] Average of Levels in Binary Tree 二叉樹的層平均值

Given a non-empty binary tree, return the average value of the nodes on each level in the form of an array.

Example 1:

Input:
    3
   / \
  9  20
    /  \
   15   7
Output: [3, 14.5, 11]
Explanation:
The average value of nodes on level 0 is 3,  on level 1 is 14.5, and on level 2 is 11. Hence return [3, 14.5, 11].

Note:

  1. The range of node's value is in the range of 32-bit signed integer.

這道題讓我們求一個二叉樹每層的平均值,那麼一看就是要進行層序遍歷了,直接上queue啊,如果熟悉層序遍歷的方法,那麼這題就沒有什麼難度了,直接將每層的值累計加起來,除以該層的結點個數,存入結果res中即可,參見程式碼如下:

解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<double> averageOfLevels(TreeNode* root) {
        
if (!root) return {}; vector<double> res; queue<TreeNode*> q{{root}}; while (!q.empty()) { int n = q.size(); double sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { TreeNode *t = q.front(); q.pop(); sum
+= t->val; if (t->left) q.push(t->left); if (t->right) q.push(t->right); } res.push_back(sum / n); } return res; } };

下面這種方法雖然是利用的遞迴形式的先序遍歷,但是其根據判斷當前層數level跟結果res中已經初始化的層數之間的關係對比,能把當前結點值累計到正確的位置,而且該層的結點數也自增1,這樣我們分別求了兩個陣列,一個數組儲存了每行的所有結點值,另一個儲存了每行結點的個數,這樣對應位相除就是我們要求的結果了,參見程式碼如下:

解法二:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<double> averageOfLevels(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<double> res, cnt;
        helper(root, 0, cnt, res);
        for (int i = 0; i < res.size(); ++i) {
            res[i] /= cnt[i];
        }
        return res;
    }
    void helper(TreeNode* node, int level, vector<double>& cnt, vector<double>& res) {
        if (!node) return;
        if (res.size() <= level) {
            res.push_back(0);
            cnt.push_back(0);
        }
        res[level] += node->val;
        ++cnt[level];
        helper(node->left, level + 1, cnt, res);
        helper(node->right, level + 1, cnt, res);
    }
};

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