Python pyinotify檔案系統監控
Pyinotify是一個Python模組，用來監測檔案系統的變化。 Pyinotify依賴於Linux核心的功能—inotify（核心2.6.13合併）。 inotify的是一個事件驅動的通知器，其通知介面通過三個系統呼叫從核心空間到使用者空間。pyinotify結合這些系統呼叫，並提供一個頂級的抽象和一個通用的方式來處理這些功能。
- pyinotify 說百了就是通過 呼叫系統的inotify來實現通知的
- inotify 既可以監視檔案，也可以監視目錄
- Inotify 使用系統呼叫而非 SIGIO 來通知檔案系統事件。
Inotify 可以監視的檔案系統事件包括：
| Event Name |
Is an Event |
Description |
| IN_ACCESS | Yes | file was accessed. |
| IN_ATTRIB | Yes | metadata changed. |
| IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE | Yes | unwrittable file was closed. |
| IN_CLOSE_WRITE | Yes | writtable file was closed. |
| IN_CREATE | Yes | file/dir was created in watched directory. |
| IN_DELETE | Yes | file/dir was deleted in watched directory. |
| IN_DELETE_SELF | Yes | 自刪除，即一個可執行檔案在執行時刪除自己 |
| IN_DONT_FOLLOW | No | don’t follow a symlink (lk 2.6.15). |
| IN_IGNORED | Yes | raised on watched item removing. Probably useless for you, prefer instead IN_DELETE*. |
| IN_ISDIR | No | event occurred against directory. It is always piggybacked to an event. The Event structure automatically provide this information (via .is_dir) |
| IN_MASK_ADD | No | to update a mask without overwriting the previous value (lk 2.6.14). Useful when updating a watch. |
| IN_MODIFY | Yes | file was modified. |
| IN_MOVE_SELF | Yes | 自移動，即一個可執行檔案在執行時移動自己 |
| IN_MOVED_FROM | Yes | file/dir in a watched dir was moved from X. Can trace the full move of an item when IN_MOVED_TO is available too, in this case if the moved item is itself watched, its path will be updated (see IN_MOVE_SELF). |
| IN_MOVED_TO | Yes | file/dir was moved to Y in a watched dir (see IN_MOVE_FROM). |
| IN_ONLYDIR | No | only watch the path if it is a directory (lk 2.6.15). Usable when calling .add_watch. |
| IN_OPEN | Yes | file was opened. |
| IN_Q_OVERFLOW | Yes | event queued overflowed. This event doesn’t belongs to any particular watch. |
| IN_UNMOUNT | Yes | 宿主檔案系統被 umount |
通過pyinotify來實現對檔案系統的監控非常簡單
#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding:utf-8
import os
from pyinotify import WatchManager, Notifier, \
ProcessEvent,IN_DELETE, IN_CREATE,IN_MODIFY
class EventHandler(ProcessEvent):
"""事件處理"""
def process_IN_CREATE(self, event):
print "Create file: %s " % os.path.join(event.path,event.name)
def process_IN_DELETE(self, event):
print "Delete file: %s " % os.path.join(event.path,event.name)
def process_IN_MODIFY(self, event):
print "Modify file: %s " % os.path.join(event.path,event.name)
def FSMonitor(path='.'):
wm = WatchManager()
mask = IN_DELETE | IN_CREATE |IN_MODIFY
notifier = Notifier(wm, EventHandler())
wm.add_watch(path, mask,rec=True)
print 'now starting monitor %s'%(path)
while True:
try:
notifier.process_events()
if notifier.check_events():
notifier.read_events()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
notifier.stop()
break
if __name__ == "__main__":
FSMonitor()