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python中檔案變化監控-watchdog

在python中檔案監控主要有兩個庫,一個是pyinotify ( https://github.com/seb-m/pyinotify/wiki ),一個是watchdog(http://pythonhosted.org/watchdog/)。pyinotify依賴於Linux平臺的inotify,後者則對不同平臺的的事件都進行了封裝。因為我主要用於Windows平臺,所以下面著重介紹watchdog(推薦大家閱讀一下watchdog實現原始碼,有利於深刻的理解其中的原理)。
watchdog在不同的平臺使用不同的方法進行檔案檢測。在init.py中發現瞭如下注釋:

|Inotify|                             Linux 2.6
.13+ ``inotify(7)`` based observer |FSEvents| Mac OS X FSEvents based observer |Kqueue| Mac OS X and BSD with kqueue(2) ``kqueue(2)`` based observer |WinApi|(ReadDirectoryChangesW) MS Windows Windows API-based observer |Polling| Any fallback implementation

給出示例程式碼如下:

from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import *
import time

class FileEventHandler(FileSystemEventHandler):
    def __init__(self):
        FileSystemEventHandler.__init__(self)

    def on_moved(self, event):
        if event.is_directory:
            print("directory moved from {0} to {1}"
.format(event.src_path,event.dest_path)) else: print("file moved from {0} to {1}".format(event.src_path,event.dest_path)) def on_created(self, event): if event.is_directory: print("directory created:{0}".format(event.src_path)) else: print("file created:{0}".format(event.src_path)) def on_deleted(self, event): if event.is_directory: print("directory deleted:{0}".format(event.src_path)) else: print("file deleted:{0}".format(event.src_path)) def on_modified(self, event): if event.is_directory: print("directory modified:{0}".format(event.src_path)) else: print("file modified:{0}".format(event.src_path)) if __name__ == "__main__": observer = Observer() event_handler = FileEventHandler() observer.schedule(event_handler,"d:/dcm",True) observer.start() try: while True: time.sleep(1) except KeyboardInterrupt: observer.stop() observer.join()

watchdog主要採用觀察者模型(廢話,從變數命名就可以看出來)。主要有三個角色:observer,event_handler,被監控的資料夾。三者原本是獨立的,主要通過observer.schedule函式將三者串起來,意思為observer不斷檢測呼叫平臺依賴程式碼對監控資料夾進行變動檢測,當發現改變時,通知event_handler處理。最後特別推薦讀者有時間可以閱讀一下watchdog的原始碼,寫的易懂而且架構很好。