1. 程式人生 > >LeetCode-20、22:Valid、Generate Parentheses(括號匹配、生成)

LeetCode-20、22:Valid、Generate Parentheses(括號匹配、生成)

題目20:Valid Parentheses

Given a string containing just the characters ‘(‘, ‘)’, ‘{‘, ‘}’, ‘[’ and ‘]’, determine if the input string is valid.

An input string is valid if:

  • Open brackets must be closed by the same type of brackets.
  • Open brackets must be closed in the correct order.

Note that an empty string is also considered valid.

例子:

Example 1:

Input: "()"
Output: true

Example 2:

Input: "()[]{}"
Output: true

Example 3:

Input: "(]"
Output: false

Example 4:

Input: "([)]"
Output: false

Example 5:

Input: "{[]}"
Output: true

問題解析:

給定一個只包括 ‘(‘,’)’,’{‘,’}’,’[‘,’]’ 的字串,判斷字串是否有效。

連結:

思路標籤

演算法:棧結構

解答:

  • 利用棧是否為空或者右符號是否能和棧頂配對來進行判斷。
class Solution {
public:
    bool isValid(string s) {
        stack<char> paren;
        for (char& c : s) {
            switch (c) {
                case '(': 
                case '{': 
                case '[': paren.push(c); break;
                case
')': if (paren.empty() || paren.top()!='(') return false; else paren.pop(); break; case '}': if (paren.empty() || paren.top()!='{') return false; else paren.pop(); break; case ']': if (paren.empty() || paren.top()!='[') return false; else paren.pop(); break; default: ; // pass } } return paren.empty() ; } };

題目22:Generate Parentheses

Given n pairs of parentheses, write a function to generate all combinations of well-formed parentheses.

例子:

For example, given n = 3, a solution set is:

[
  "((()))",
  "(()())",
  "(())()",
  "()(())",
  "()()()"
]

問題解析:

給出 n 代表生成括號的對數,請你寫出一個函式,使其能夠生成所有可能的並且有效的括號組合。

連結:

思路標籤

演算法:遞迴DFS

解答:

  • 根據題目規則我們能夠知道,符號只有兩種“(”和“)”,我們分別記為其個數為左括號left和右括號right,所以滿足條件的組合一定是left<=right。否則,不符合要求。
  • 同時,當left和right都為0時,當前組合滿足條件。
class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> generateParenthesis(int n) {
        vector<string> res;
        generateParenthesisDFS(n, n, "", res);
        return res;
    }

    void generateParenthesisDFS(int left, int right, string out, vector<string> &res){
        if(left > right)
            return;
        if(left == 0 && right == 0)
            res.push_back(out);
        else{
            if(left > 0) generateParenthesisDFS(left-1, right, out+'(', res);
            if(right > 0) generateParenthesisDFS(left, right-1, out+')', res);
        }
    }
};

題目:Generate Parentheses

Given n pairs of parentheses, write a function to generate all combinations of well-formed parentheses.

例子:

For example, given n = 3, a solution set is:

[
  "((()))",
  "(()())",
  "(())()",
  "()(())",
  "()()()"
]

問題解析:

給出 n 代表生成括號的對數,請你寫出一個函式,使其能夠生成所有可能的並且有效的括號組合。

連結:

思路標籤

演算法:遞迴DFS

解答:

  • 根據題目規則我們能夠知道,符號只有兩種“(”和“)”,我們分別記為其個數為左括號left和右括號right,所以滿足條件的組合一定是left<=right。否則,不符合要求。
  • 同時,當left和right都為0時,當前組合滿足條件。
class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> generateParenthesis(int n) {
        vector<string> res;
        generateParenthesisDFS(n, n, "", res);
        return res;
    }

    void generateParenthesisDFS(int left, int right, string out, vector<string> &res){
        if(left > right)
            return;
        if(left == 0 && right == 0)
            res.push_back(out);
        else{
            if(left > 0) generateParenthesisDFS(left-1, right, out+'(', res);
            if(right > 0) generateParenthesisDFS(left, right-1, out+')', res);
        }
    }
};