0x01 zlib和其他壓縮的魔術頭

一般來說壓縮檔案都有個魔術頭，用於區分不同的壓縮檔案對應不同的解壓縮演算法。

7z檔案: 

00000000   37 7A BC AF 27 1C 00 03  CD F7 CC 2E 66 6A 33 00   7z集'   枉?fj3 

tar.xz檔案

00000000   FD 37 7A 58 5A 00 00 04  E6 D6 B4 46 02 00 21 01   ?zXZ   嬤碏  ! 

00000000   50 4B 03 04 14 00 00 00  08 00 A7 AD CF 48 D5 52   PK        Л螲誖

00000000   52 61 72 21 1A 07 00 CF  90 73 00 00 0D 00 00 00   Rar!   ?s      
 

zlib檔案

00000000   78 01 ED 9D 0B 94 1C 57  79 E7 AB A6 9F 33 9A 99   x ? ?Wy絝3殭

JAVA：

public static byte[] decompress(byte[] compress) throws Exception {  
        ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(compress);  
        InflaterInputStream iis = new InflaterInputStream(bais);  
  
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();  
  
        int c = 0;  
        byte[] buf = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];  
        while (true) {  
            c = iis.read(buf);  
  
            if (c == EOF)  
                break;  
  
            baos.write(buf, 0, c);  
        }  
  
        baos.flush();  
  
        return baos.toByteArray();  
    } 
 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "zlib.h"

#if defined(MSDOS) || defined(OS2) || defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
#  include <fcntl.h>
#  include <io.h>
#  define SET_BINARY_MODE(file) setmode(fileno(file), O_BINARY)
#else
#  define SET_BINARY_MODE(file)
#endif

#define CHUNK 16384

/* Compress from file source to file dest until EOF on source.
   def() returns Z_OK on success, Z_MEM_ERROR if memory could not be
   allocated for processing, Z_STREAM_ERROR if an invalid compression
   level is supplied, Z_VERSION_ERROR if the version of zlib.h and the
   version of the library linked do not match, or Z_ERRNO if there is
   an error reading or writing the files. */
int def(FILE *source, FILE *dest, int level)
{
    int ret, flush;
    unsigned have;
    z_stream strm;
    unsigned char in[CHUNK];
    unsigned char out[CHUNK];

    /* allocate deflate state */
    strm.zalloc = Z_NULL;
    strm.zfree = Z_NULL;
    strm.opaque = Z_NULL;
    ret = deflateInit(&strm, level);
    if (ret != Z_OK)
        return ret;

    /* compress until end of file */
    do {
        strm.avail_in = fread(in, 1, CHUNK, source);
        if (ferror(source)) {
            (void)deflateEnd(&strm);
            return Z_ERRNO;
        }
        flush = feof(source) ? Z_FINISH : Z_NO_FLUSH;
        strm.next_in = in;

        /* run deflate() on input until output buffer not full, finish
           compression if all of source has been read in */
        do {
            strm.avail_out = CHUNK;
            strm.next_out = out;
            ret = deflate(&strm, flush);    /* no bad return value */
            assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);  /* state not clobbered */
            have = CHUNK - strm.avail_out;
            if (fwrite(out, 1, have, dest) != have || ferror(dest)) {
                (void)deflateEnd(&strm);
                return Z_ERRNO;
            }
        } while (strm.avail_out == 0);
        assert(strm.avail_in == 0);     /* all input will be used */

        /* done when last data in file processed */
    } while (flush != Z_FINISH);
    assert(ret == Z_STREAM_END);        /* stream will be complete */

    /* clean up and return */
    (void)deflateEnd(&strm);
    return Z_OK;
}

/* Decompress from file source to file dest until stream ends or EOF.
   inf() returns Z_OK on success, Z_MEM_ERROR if memory could not be
   allocated for processing, Z_DATA_ERROR if the deflate data is
   invalid or incomplete, Z_VERSION_ERROR if the version of zlib.h and
   the version of the library linked do not match, or Z_ERRNO if there
   is an error reading or writing the files. */
int inf(FILE *source, FILE *dest)
{
    int ret;
    unsigned have;
    z_stream strm;
    unsigned char in[CHUNK];
    unsigned char out[CHUNK];

    /* allocate inflate state */
    strm.zalloc = Z_NULL;
    strm.zfree = Z_NULL;
    strm.opaque = Z_NULL;
    strm.avail_in = 0;
    strm.next_in = Z_NULL;
    ret = inflateInit(&strm);
    if (ret != Z_OK)
        return ret;

    /* decompress until deflate stream ends or end of file */
    do {
        strm.avail_in = fread(in, 1, CHUNK, source);
        if (ferror(source)) {
            (void)inflateEnd(&strm);
            return Z_ERRNO;
        }
        if (strm.avail_in == 0)
            break;
        strm.next_in = in;

        /* run inflate() on input until output buffer not full */
        do {
            strm.avail_out = CHUNK;
            strm.next_out = out;
            ret = inflate(&strm, Z_NO_FLUSH);
            assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);  /* state not clobbered */
            switch (ret) {
            case Z_NEED_DICT:
                ret = Z_DATA_ERROR;     /* and fall through */
            case Z_DATA_ERROR:
            case Z_MEM_ERROR:
                (void)inflateEnd(&strm);
                return ret;
            }
            have = CHUNK - strm.avail_out;
            if (fwrite(out, 1, have, dest) != have || ferror(dest)) {
                (void)inflateEnd(&strm);
                return Z_ERRNO;
            }
        } while (strm.avail_out == 0);

        /* done when inflate() says it's done */
    } while (ret != Z_STREAM_END);

    /* clean up and return */
    (void)inflateEnd(&strm);
    return ret == Z_STREAM_END ? Z_OK : Z_DATA_ERROR;
}

/* report a zlib or i/o error */
void zerr(int ret)
{
    fputs("zpipe: ", stderr);
    switch (ret) {
    case Z_ERRNO:
        if (ferror(stdin))
            fputs("error reading stdin\n", stderr);
        if (ferror(stdout))
            fputs("error writing stdout\n", stderr);
        break;
    case Z_STREAM_ERROR:
        fputs("invalid compression level\n", stderr);
        break;
    case Z_DATA_ERROR:
        fputs("invalid or incomplete deflate data\n", stderr);
        break;
    case Z_MEM_ERROR:
        fputs("out of memory\n", stderr);
        break;
    case Z_VERSION_ERROR:
        fputs("zlib version mismatch!\n", stderr);
    }
}

/* compress or decompress from stdin to stdout */
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int ret;

    /* avoid end-of-line conversions */
    SET_BINARY_MODE(stdin);
    SET_BINARY_MODE(stdout);

    /* do compression if no arguments */
    if (argc == 1) {
        ret = def(stdin, stdout, Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION);
        if (ret != Z_OK)
            zerr(ret);
        return ret;
    }

    /* do decompression if -d specified */
    else if (argc == 2 && strcmp(argv[1], "-d") == 0) {
        ret = inf(stdin, stdout);
        if (ret != Z_OK)
            zerr(ret);
        return ret;
    }

    /* otherwise, report usage */
    else {
        fputs("zpipe usage: zpipe [-d] < source > dest\n", stderr);
        return 1;
    }
}