#include <vector>
#include <iostream>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

// n: 待分解的數, m: 最大因子
void add_split_stub(std::vector<std::vector<int>>& rs, std::vector<int>& r, int n, int m)
{
	if ((n < m) || (n < 0) || (m < 1))
		return;

	if (n == 0)
	{
		rs.push_back(r);
	}
	else
	{
		if (n == m)
		{
			r.push_back(m);
			rs.push_back(r);
			r.pop_back();
		}
		else
		{
			r.push_back(m);
			n = n - m;

			if (m > n)
				m = n;

			for (int i = m; i > 0; i--)
			{
				add_split_stub(rs, r, n, i);
			}

			r.pop_back();
		}
	}
}

void add_split(std::vector<std::vector<int>>& results, int n, int m = -1)
{
	if (n <= 0)
		return;
	if ((m <= 0) || (n < m))
		m = n;

	std::vector<int> result;

	for (int i = m; i > 0; i--)
	{
		result.clear();
		add_split_stub(results, result, n, i);
	}
}

void main(int argc, char **argv) {
	std::vector<std::vector<int>> results;

	add_split(results, 6);

	for (auto e1 : results)
	{
		for (auto e2 : e1)
		{
			cout << e2 << " ";
		}
		cout << endl;
	}

	cin.get();
}
 

結果如下

6
5 1
4 2
4 1 1
3 3
3 2 1
3 1 1 1
2 2 2
2 2 1 1
2 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1