[LeetCode] 023. Merge k Sorted Lists (Hard) (C++/Java/Python)
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-01-07
023. Merge k Sorted Lists (Hard)
連結:
題意:
分析:
很明顯可以想到利用已經完成的 Merge Two Sorted Lists 的函式來用。
這時有兩種方法:
1. (C++) 用二分的思想,把每個 List 和它相鄰的 List 進行 Merge,這樣規模就縮小了一半了,再重複這樣,就可以 O(nklogk) 完成。比如: [1, 2, …, n] 的第一輪 Merge 是 [1, n/2], [2, n/2+1], …
2. (Python) 也是用二分的思想,就是把 Lists 分為兩部分,分別遞迴 Merge k Sorted Lists 後變成兩個 List ,然後再對這兩 List 進行 Merge Two Sorted Lists 。
這兩種方法都是遞迴呼叫,都可以進行記憶化,用空間換時間,不過我不清楚會不會超空間(Memory Limit Exceed),所以就沒試了~
除了用二分的思路,還有更好寫的方法,就是用堆(heap),具體就是用優先佇列(Priority Queue)。
(Java) 先把每個 List 的第一個節點放進優先佇列,每次取出佇列中的最大值節點,再把那個節點的 next 放進去。
程式碼:
C++:
class Solution { public: ListNode *mergeKLists(vector<ListNode *> &lists) { int sz = lists.size(); if (sz == 0) return NULL; while (sz > 1) { int k = (sz + 1) / 2; for (int i = 0; i < sz / 2; i++) lists[i] = mergeTwoLists(lists[i], lists[i + k]); sz = k; } return lists[0]; } ListNode *mergeTwoLists(ListNode *l1, ListNode *l2) { if (l1 == NULL) return l2; if (l2 == NULL) return l1; ListNode *start, *p1; if (l1->val < l2->val) { p1 = start = l1; l1 = l1->next; } else { p1 = start = l2; l2 = l2->next; } while (l1 != NULL && l2 != NULL) { if (l1->val < l2->val) { p1->next = l1; p1 = l1; l1 = l1->next; } else { p1->next = l2; p1 = l2; l2 = l2->next; } } if (l1 != NULL) p1->next = l1; else p1->next = l2; return start; } };
Java:
public class Solution { public ListNode mergeKLists(List<ListNode> lists) { Queue<ListNode> heap = new PriorityQueue<ListNode>(new Comparator<ListNode>(){ @Override public int compare(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) { return l1.val - l2.val; } }); ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0), cur = dummy, tmp; for (ListNode list : lists) { if (list != null) { heap.offer(list); } } while (!heap.isEmpty()) { tmp = heap.poll(); cur.next = tmp; cur = cur.next; if (tmp.next != null) { heap.offer(tmp.next); } } return dummy.next; } }
Python:
class Solution:
# @param a list of ListNode
# @return a ListNode
def mergeKLists(self, lists):
if len(lists) == 0:
return None
if len(lists) == 1:
return lists[0]
mid = len(lists) // 2
left = self.mergeKLists(lists[:mid])
right = self.mergeKLists(lists[mid:])
# merge left and right
dummy = ListNode(0)
cur = dummy
while left or right:
if right == None or (left and left.val <= right.val):
cur.next = left
left = left.next
else:
cur.next = right
right = right.next
cur = cur.next
return dummy.next