Android非同步處理二:AsynTask介紹和使用AsyncTask非同步更新UI介面
(1)AsyncTask的介紹
通過上圖中的AsyncTask的原始碼結構圖可以看到,主要用於過載的方法是doInBackground(),onPreExecute()、onPostExecute()、onProgressUpdate()、onCancelled()、publishProgress()等前邊是”黃色的菱形“圖示的,下邊詳細介紹這些方法的功能:
AsyncTask的建構函式有三個模板引數:
1.Params,傳遞給後臺任務的引數型別。
2.Progress,後臺計算執行過程中,進步單位(progress units)的型別。(就是後臺程式已經執行了百分之幾了。)
3.Result,
AsyncTask並不總是需要使用上面的全部3種類型。標識不使用的型別很簡單,只需要使用Void型別即可。
doInBackground(Params…)
原始碼註釋:
/**
* Override this method to perform a computation on a background thread. The
* specified parameters are the parameters passed to {@link #execute}
* by the caller of this task.
*
* This method can call {@link #publishProgress} to publish updates
* on the UI thread.
*
* @param params The parameters of the task.
*
* @return A result, defined by the subclass of this task.
*
* @see #onPreExecute()
* @see #onPostExecute
* @see #publishProgress
*/
protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);
正在後臺執行:doInBackground(Params…),該回調函式由後臺執行緒在onPreExecute()方法執行結束後立即呼叫。通常在這裡執行耗時的後臺計算。計算的結果必須由該函式返回,並被傳遞到onPostExecute()中。在該函式內也可以使用publishProgress(Progress…)來發佈一個或多個進度單位(unitsof progress)。這些值將會在onProgressUpdate(Progress…)中被髮布到UI執行緒。
onPreExecute()
/**
* Runs on the UI thread before {@link #doInBackground}.
*
* @see #onPostExecute
* @see #doInBackground
*/
protected void onPreExecute() {
}
準備執行:onPreExecute(),該回調函式在任務被執行之後立即由UI執行緒呼叫。這個步驟通常用來建立任務,在使用者介面(UI)上顯示進度條。
onPostExecute()
/**
* <p>Runs on the UI thread after {@link #doInBackground}. The
* specified result is the value returned by {@link #doInBackground}.</p>
*
* <p>This method won't be invoked if the task was cancelled.</p>
*
* @param result The result of the operation computed by {@link #doInBackground}.
*
* @see #onPreExecute
* @see #doInBackground
* @see #onCancelled(Object)
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
}
完成後臺任務:onPostExecute(Result),當後臺計算結束後呼叫。後臺計算的結果會被作為引數傳遞給這一函式。
onProgressUpdate()
/**
* Runs on the UI thread after {@link #publishProgress} is invoked.
* The specified values are the values passed to {@link #publishProgress}.
*
* @param values The values indicating progress.
*
* @see #publishProgress
* @see #doInBackground
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) {
}
完成後臺任務:onPostExecute(Result),當後臺計算結束後呼叫。後臺計算的結果會被作為引數傳遞給這一函式。
onCancelled()
取消任務:onCancelled (),在呼叫AsyncTask的cancel()方法時呼叫
publishProgress()
/**
* This method can be invoked from {@link #doInBackground} to
* publish updates on the UI thread while the background computation is
* still running. Each call to this method will trigger the execution of
* {@link #onProgressUpdate} on the UI thread.
*
* {@link #onProgressUpdate} will note be called if the task has been
* canceled.
*
* @param values The progress values to update the UI with.
*
* @see #onProgressUpdate
* @see #doInBackground
*/
protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
if (!isCancelled()) {
sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
}
}
主要用於顯示進度。
(2)使用AsyncTask非同步更新UI介面
AsyncTaskActivity .java作為啟動頁面的檔案
public class AsyncTaskActivity extends Activity {
private ImageView mImageView;
private Button mButton;
private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.asyntask_main);
mImageView= (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView);
mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar);
mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
GetImageTask task = new GetImageTask();
task.execute("http://g.hiphotos.baidu.com/image/pic/item/b3119313b07eca80d340a3e0932397dda1448374.jpg");
}
});
}
class GetImageTask extends AsyncTask<String,Integer,Bitmap> {//繼承AsyncTask
@Override
protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {//處理後臺執行的任務,在後臺執行緒執行
publishProgress(0);//將會呼叫onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress)方法
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
publishProgress(30);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(params[0]);//獲取csdn的logo
final Bitmap bitmap;
try {
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(httpResponse.getEntity().getContent());
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
publishProgress(100);
//mImageView.setImageBitmap(result); 不能在後臺執行緒操作ui
return bitmap;
}
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {//在呼叫publishProgress之後被呼叫,在ui執行緒執行
mProgressBar.setProgress(progress[0]);//更新進度條的進度
}
protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result) {//後臺任務執行完之後被呼叫,在ui執行緒執行
if(result != null) {
Toast.makeText(AsyncTaskActivity.this, "成功獲取圖片", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
mImageView.setImageBitmap(result);
}else {
Toast.makeText(AsyncTaskActivity.this, "獲取圖片失敗", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
protected void onPreExecute () {//在 doInBackground(Params...)之前被呼叫,在ui執行緒執行
mImageView.setImageBitmap(null);
mProgressBar.setProgress(0);//進度條復位
}
protected void onCancelled () {//在ui執行緒執行
mProgressBar.setProgress(0);//進度條復位
}
}
}
佈局檔案:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<ProgressBar
android:id="@+id/progressBar"
style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
</ProgressBar>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="下載圖片" >
</Button>
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>
同樣需要開啟訪問網路的許可權和設定啟動介面
另外我們使用AsynTask的時候,需要注意的是