題目

Given a string S and a string T, find the minimum window in S which will contain all the characters in T in complexity O(n).

For example,
S = "ADOBECODEBANC"
T = "ABC"

Minimum window is "BANC".

Note:
If there is no such window in S that covers all characters in T, return the empty string "".

If there are multiple such windows, you are guaranteed that there will always be only one unique minimum window in S.

    貪婪演算法，遍歷s的時候，每讀進一個多餘的字母，嘗試收縮視窗。用dict（lexicon）來記錄字母出現次數

def minWindow(self, s, t):
    need, missing = collections.Counter(t), len(t)
    i = I = J = 0
    for j, c in enumerate(s, 1):
        missing -= need[c] > 0
        need[c] -= 1
        if not missing:
            while i < j and need[s[i]] < 0:
                need[s[i]] += 1
                i += 1
            if not J or j - i <= J - I:
                I, J = i, j
    return s[I:J]