在做web測試過程中，通常需要先登入被測系統，有的網站登入需要驗證碼，這無疑增加了測試時間成本，怎麼才能實現免登陸？今天我為大家介紹兩種方法

一、通過selenium的Cookie類的相關操作，儲存和載入瀏覽器的cookie，實現免登陸

通過檢視selenium的api或原始碼，可以發現cookie類有以下欄位，並有相應的set, get方法和多個過載的構造方法：

1.儲存登入後的瀏覽器cookie，程式碼如下：

以登入M京東為例，可以通過輸入賬號和密碼來登入，這裡通過社交賬號聯合登入，登入成功後記錄cookie到本地檔案

@DataProvider(name="getQQ")
public Object[][] getQQ() {
return new Object[][] {
//{"979320969"},
{"3454608466"},
};
}

@Test(dataProvider="getQQ")
public void saveCookie_mjd(String qq) throws IOException {
driver.get("https://plogin.m.jd.com/user/login.action?appid=100");
driver.findElement(By.linkText("QQ")).click();
try {
driver.switchTo().frame("ptlogin_iframe");

} catch (NoSuchFrameException e) {
driver.findElement(By.className("ch_uin")).click();//切換其他賬號
driver.switchTo().alert().accept();
driver.switchTo().frame("ptlogin_iframe");

}
driver.findElement(By.id("nick_"+qq)).click();
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
Assert.assertTrue(driver.getCurrentUrl().contains("https://m.jd.com"));


Set<Cookie> set = driver.manage().getCookies();
File cookieFile = new File("./cookies"+qq+".txt");
if (cookieFile.exists()) {
cookieFile.delete();
cookieFile.createNewFile();
}


BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(cookieFile));
for (Cookie cookie : set) {
String name = cookie.getName();
String value = cookie.getValue();
String domain = cookie.getDomain();
String path = cookie.getPath();
Date expiry = cookie.getExpiry();
//Date expiry = null;
//if (cookie.getExpiry()!=null) {
//expiry= DateFormatUtils.format(cookie.getExpiry(), "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
//}
boolean httpOnly = cookie.isHttpOnly();
boolean secure = cookie.isSecure();


bw.write(name+";"+value+";"+domain+";"+path+";"+expiry+";"+secure+";"+httpOnly);
bw.newLine();
}
bw.flush();
bw.close();
driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
}

2.再次登入載入已儲存的cookie

@Test
public void testLoadCookie() throws IOException{
driver.get("https://m.jd.com/");
loadCookies("3454608466");
driver.get("http://home.m.jd.com/myJd/newhome.action");
Assert.assertTrue(driver.getTitle().contains("京東觸屏版"));
Assert.assertTrue(driver.findElement(By.className("my-info")).isDisplayed());
System.out.println("M京東登入成功");
//其他測試步驟 略……
}

private void loadCookies(String qq) throws IOException {
driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
File file = new File("./cookies"+qq+".txt");
BufferedReader br;
try {
br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
String line = null;
while ((line=br.readLine())!=null) {
String[] cookieFilds = line.split(";");
String name = cookieFilds[0].trim();
String value = cookieFilds[1].trim();
String domain = cookieFilds[2].trim();
String path = cookieFilds[3].trim();
Date expiry = null;
if (!cookieFilds[4].equals(null)) {
expiry = DateUtils.parseDate(cookieFilds[4]);
}


boolean httpOnly = Boolean.valueOf(cookieFilds[5]);
boolean secure = Boolean.valueOf(cookieFilds[6]);


Cookie cookie = new Cookie(name, value, domain, path, expiry, secure, httpOnly);
driver.manage().addCookie(cookie);
}
br.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("cookies檔案不存在，呼叫saveCookie_mjd方法重新儲存cookies");
saveCookie_mjd(qq);
}


}

二、通過第三方元件browsermob-proxy，這個元件是開源的，可以從https://github.com/lightbody/browsermob-proxy獲取最新release原始碼，本地測試工程的pom.xml配置如下：

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/net.lightbody.bmp/browsermob-core-littleproxy -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>net.lightbody.bmp</groupId>
    <artifactId>browsermob-core-littleproxy</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.0-beta-6</version>
</dependency>

然後通過browsermob-proxy元件的介面修改request請求頭資訊新增cookie

   @Test
public void test22() throws Exception {
        // 啟動 proxy
BrowserMobProxyServer server = new BrowserMobProxyServer();
server.start();
// 獲取一個 Selenium proxy 物件
Proxy seleniumProxy = ClientUtil.createSeleniumProxy(server);
// 配置 capability
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.PROXY, seleniumProxy);
// 啟動瀏覽器
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(capabilities);
driver.manage().window().maximize();
// 從瀏覽器複製url和cookie，，設定測試url和cookie
String testUrl = "測試地址url";
        final String cookieValue = "從瀏覽器複製的cookie"; //登入後獲取請求中cookie的那長串內容
server.addRequestFilter(new RequestFilter() {
            @Override
public HttpResponse filterRequest(HttpRequest request, HttpMessageContents contents, HttpMessageInfo messageInfo) {
                request.headers().add("Cookie", cookieValue);
                return null;
}
        });
driver.get(testUrl);
Thread.sleep(3000);
//        剩餘測試步驟……
driver.quit();
server.stop();
}

以上兩種方法，第一種儲存和設定cookie比較繁瑣，但是理解起來比較直觀，需要熟悉selenium從cookie類和cookie操作的常用api；第二種方法顯示比較簡單，但是需要學習browsermob-proxy元件及其介面。如有其它更好的方法實現免登陸，歡迎一起交流探討！