【題目連結】

這場比賽題面英文都好長... ...

模擬。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  int a,b,c;
  cin>>a>>b>>c;
  if(a != b && a!=c) {
    cout <<"A";
    return 0;
  }
  if(b != a && b!=c) {
    cout <<"B";
    return 0;
  }
  if(a != c && b!=c) {
    cout <<"C";
    return 0;
  }
  cout <<"*";
  return 0;
}

找到每一條線段上面那條是什麼，然後用並查集就可以求出來每個點最終會到哪裡。

尋找每條線段上面那條，可以按照$y$進行排序，然後線段樹區間覆蓋進行操作。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int maxn = 1e5 + 10;
int n, Q;
struct X {
  int x1, y1;
  int x2, y2;
}s[maxn];
int nx[maxn];
int f[maxn];
int root[maxn];

int Find(int x) {
  if(x != f[x]) f[x] = Find(f[x]);
  return f[x];
}

bool cmp(const X& a, const X& b) {
  if(a.y2 != b.y2) return a.y2 > b.y2;
  return a.y1 > b.y1;
}

int t[maxn * 40];

void pushDown(int rt) {
  if(t[rt] == 0) return;
  t[2 * rt] = t[rt];
  t[2 * rt + 1] = t[rt];
  t[rt] = 0;
}

void build(int l, int r, int rt) {
  t[rt] = -1;
  if(l == r) return;
  int mid = (l + r) / 2;
  build(l, mid, 2 * rt);
  build(mid + 1, r, 2 * rt + 1);
}

void update(int L, int R, int val, int l, int r, int rt) {
  if(L <= l && r <= R) {
    t[rt] = val;
    return;
  }
  pushDown(rt);
  int mid = (l + r) / 2;
  if(L <= mid) update(L, R, val, l, mid, 2 * rt);
  if(R > mid) update(L, R, val, mid + 1, r, 2 * rt + 1);
}

int get(int pos, int l, int r, int rt) {
  if(l == r) {
    return t[rt];
  }
  pushDown(rt);
  int mid = (l + r) / 2;
  if(pos <= mid) return get(pos, l, mid, 2 * rt);
  else return get(pos, mid + 1, r, 2 * rt + 1);
}

int main() {
  scanf("%d%d", &n, &Q);
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    f[i] = i;
    root[i] = 0;
    scanf("%d%d", &s[i].x1, &s[i].y1);
    scanf("%d%d", &s[i].x2, &s[i].y2);
    if(s[i].y1 > s[i].y2) {
      swap(s[i].x1, s[i].x2);
      swap(s[i].y1, s[i].y2);
    }
  }
  sort(s + 1, s + 1 + n, cmp);
  
  
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
  //  printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[i].x1, s[i].y1, s[i].x2, s[i].y2);
  }
  
  
  build(0, 1e6 + 10, 1);
  
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    if(s[i].y1 == s[i].y2) {
      nx[i] = i;
    } else {
      nx[i] = get(s[i].x2, 0, 1e6 + 10, 1);
    }
    update(min(s[i].x1, s[i].x2), max(s[i].x1, s[i].x2), i, 0, 1e6 + 10, 1);
  }
  
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    if(nx[i] == -1 || nx[nx[i]] == nx[i]) {
      root[i] = 1;
    }
  }

  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    if(root[i]) continue;
    f[i] = nx[i];
    Find(i);
    nx[i] = f[i];
  }
  
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
 //   printf("%d : %d\n", i, nx[i]);
  }
  
  while(Q --) {
    int x;
    scanf("%d", &x);
    int id = get(x, 0, 1e6 + 10, 1);
    if(id == -1) {
      printf("%d\n", x);
      continue;
    }
    if(nx[id] == id) {
      printf("%d %d\n", x, s[id].y1);
      continue;
    }
    int now = id, pre = -1;
  //  printf("!!! %d\n", now);
    while(1) {
      pre = now;
      now = nx[now];
      if(now == nx[now] || now == -1) break;
    }
    if(now == -1) {
      printf("%d\n", s[pre].x2);
    } else {
      printf("%d %d\n", s[pre].x2, s[now].y2);
    }
  }
  
  return 0;
}

/*
 4 4
 0 1 3 3
 1 5 6 5
 5 3 2 4
 7 4 10 2
 2
 5
 8
 6
 
 4 3
 1 3 4 2
 10 3 7 4
 2 3 8 3
 3 5 5 4
 4
 9
 8
 
 */

模擬，資料範圍很少，平方的效率就可以了。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int maxn = 1000;
int n, m, q;
vector<int> g[maxn];
int belong[maxn];
int fac[maxn];
int age[maxn];
int ans;
int f[maxn];

void dfs(int x, int y) {
  if(f[x]) return;
 // printf("debug %d\n", fac[x]);
  f[x] = 1;
  if(x != y) ans = min(ans, age[fac[x]]);
  for(int i = 0; i < g[x].size(); i ++) {
    dfs(g[x][i], y);
  }
}

int main() {
  scanf("%d%d%d", &n, &m, &q);
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    belong[i] = i;
    fac[i] = i;
    scanf("%d", &age[i]);
  }
  while(m --) {
    int u, v;
    scanf("%d%d", &u, &v);
    g[v].push_back(u);
  }
  
  while(q --) {
    char op[10];
    scanf("%s", op);
    if(op[0] == 'T') {
      int x, y;
      scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
      swap(belong[x], belong[y]);
      for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
        fac[belong[i]] = i;
      }
    } else {
      int x;
      scanf("%d", &x);
      ans = 200;
      for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
        f[i] = 0;
      }
      dfs(belong[x], belong[x]);
      if(ans == 200) printf("*\n");
      else printf("%d\n", ans);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
 7 8 9
 21 33 33 18 42 22 26
 1 2
 1 3
 2 5
 3 5
 3 6
 4 6
 4 7
 6 7
 P 7
 T 4 2
 P 7
 P 5
 T 1 4
 P 7
 T 4 7
 P 2
 P 6
 
 
 6 5 6
 10 20 30 40 50 60
 1 5
 1 4
 3 6
 2 5
 4 5
 P 1
 P 5
 P 6
 T 1 6
 P 1
 P 4
 
 */

爆搜，用序列的hash值進行剪枝。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const long long mod = 1e9 + 7;
const long long base = 131LL;
const int maxn = 20;
int n, m;
int a[maxn], b[maxn];
int ans;
int to[maxn];

map<long long, int> ha;

long long Get(int x) {
  long long res = 0;
  for(int i = 1; i <= x; i ++) {
    res = res * base % mod;
    res = res + to[i];
    res = res % mod;
  }
  return res;
}

void dfs(int x) {

  if(x < m) return;
  
  if(x == m) {
    int fail = 0;
    for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++) {
      if(a[i] != b[i]) fail = 1;
    }
    if(fail == 0) ans = 1;
   // return;
  }
  
  int tmp[maxn];
  for(int i = 1; i <= x; i ++) {
    tmp[i] = a[i];
  }
  
  for(int i = 0; i < x; i ++) {
    int left = i;
    int right = x - left;
    if(max(left, right) < m) continue;
    int len = max(left, right);
    memset(to, 0, sizeof to);
    if(left > right) {
      for(int i = 1; i <= left; i ++) {
        to[i] = tmp[i];
      }
      int p = n;
      for(int i = left - right + 1; i <= left; i ++) {
        to[i] += tmp[p];
        p --;
      }
    } else {
      int p = x;
      for(int i = 1; i <= right; i ++) {
        to[i] = tmp[p];
        p --;
      }
      p = left;
      for(int i = right; p; i --) {
        to[i] += tmp[p];
        p --;
      }
    }
    
    long long to_ha = Get(len);
    if(ha[to_ha]) continue;
    ha[to_ha] = 1;
    for(int i = 1; i <= len; i ++) {
      a[i] = to[i];
    }
    dfs(len);
    
    if(ans == 1) return;
  }
  
  for(int i = 1; i <= x; i ++) {
    a[i] = tmp[i];
  }
}

int main() {
  int suma=0,sumb=0;
  scanf("%d", &n);
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) scanf("%d", &a[i]), suma += a[i];
  scanf("%d", &m);
  for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++) scanf("%d", &b[i]), sumb += b[i];
  
  if(suma == sumb && n >= m)
  dfs(n);
  if(ans) printf("S\n");
  else printf("N\n");
  return 0;
}


/*
 7
 5 6 23 8 19 7 10
 4
 5 16 30 27
 
 7
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
 5
 7 6 5 5 5
 
 4
 1 2 3 4
 1
 10
 
 6
 19 23 3 51 2 0
 2
 34 64
 
 6
 1 2 3 4 5 6
 6
 1 2 3 4 5 6
 */

模擬。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int maxn = 1e5 + 10;
int f[maxn];
vector<int> ans;

int main() {
  int n, r;
  scanf("%d%d", &n, &r);
  for(int i = 1; i <= r; i ++) {
    int x;
    cin >> x;
    f[x] = 1;
  }
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    if(f[i]) continue;
    ans.push_back(i);
  }
  if(ans.size() == 0) {
    printf("*");
  } else {
    for(int i = 0; i < ans.size(); i ++) {
      printf("%d", ans[i]);
      if(i < ans.size() - 1) printf(" ");
      else printf("\n");
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

列舉起點，然後二分兩個中間點。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int maxn = 5e5 + 10;
long long a[maxn];
long long sum[maxn];

int main() {
  int n;
  scanf("%d", &n);
  int ans = 0;
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    scanf("%lld", &a[i]);
    a[i + n] = a[i];
  }
  for(int i = 1; i <= 2 * n; i ++) {
    sum[i] = sum[i - 1] + a[i];
  }
  if(sum[n] % 3) {
    printf("%d\n", 0);
    return 0;
  }

  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    int L, R, p;
    
    L = i, R = i + n - 1, p = -1;
    while(L <= R) {
      int mid = (L + R) / 2;
      long long num = sum[mid] - sum[i - 1];
      if(num == sum[n] / 3) {
        p = mid;
        break;
      } else if(num < sum[n] / 3) {
        L = mid + 1;
      } else {
        R = mid - 1;
      }
    }
    if(p == -1) continue;
    
    int tmp = p;
    L = p + 1, R = i + n - 1, p = -1;
    while(L <= R) {
      int mid = (L + R) / 2;
      long long num = sum[mid] - sum[tmp];
      if(num == sum[n] / 3) {
        p = mid;
        break;
      } else if(num < sum[n] / 3) {
        L = mid + 1;
      } else {
        R = mid - 1;
      }
    }
    if(p == -1) continue;
    //printf("debug : %d\n", i);
    ans ++;
  }
  printf("%d\n", ans / 3);
  return 0;
}


/*
 8
 4 2 4 2 2 6 2 2
 
 6
 3 4 2 1 5 3
 */

可以發現，行列是獨立的。即我們可以抓出每行的最小值，按最小值進行行調整。然後隨便抓一行，按這一行的列上的值進行調整，這一行調整完畢之後檢查其餘行。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int a[500][500];
int mn[500];
int tmp[500];
int n, m;
int ans;

void swapR(int x, int y) {
  for(int j = 1; j <= m; j ++) {
    swap(a[x][j], a[y][j]);
  }
}

void swapC(int x, int y) {
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    swap(a[i][x], a[i][y]);
  }
}

int main() {
  scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    mn[i] = 1000000;
    for(int j = 1; j <= m; j ++) {
      scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
      mn[i] = min(mn[i], a[i][j]);
    }
  }
  
  int fail = 0;
  
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    tmp[i] = mn[i];
  }
  sort(tmp + 1, tmp + n + 1);
  
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    if(tmp[i] == mn[i]) continue;
    int pos;
    for(int j = 1; j <= n; j ++) {
      if(mn[j] == tmp[i]) pos = j;
    }
    ans ++;
    swap(mn[i], mn[pos]);
    swapR(i, pos);
  }
  
  for(int j = 1; j <= m; j ++) {
    tmp[j] = mn[j] = a[1][j];
  }
  sort(tmp + 1, tmp + m + 1);
  
  for(int j = 1; j <= m; j ++) {
    if(tmp[j] == mn[j]) continue;
    int pos;
    for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++) {
      if(mn[i] == tmp[j]) pos = i;
    }
    ans ++;
    swap(mn[j], mn[pos]);
    swapC(j, pos);
  }
  
  

  int num = 1;
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    for(int j = 1; j <= m; j ++) {
      if(a[i][j] != num) fail = 1;
      num ++;
    }
  }
  
  if(fail) {
    printf("*");
  } else {
    printf("%d\n", ans);
  }
  
  return 0;
}

/*
 
 2 2
 3 4
 1 2
 
 3 3
 9 2 4
 5 8 7
 6 1 3
 
 5 4
 13 15 14 16
 5 7 6 8
 9 11 10 12
 1 3 2 4
 17 19 18 20
 
 */

斐波那契數列變了一下，方案數${f_i} = L \times {f_{i - 2}} + K \times {f_{i - 1}}$矩陣快速冪加速即可

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const long long mod = 1e6;

long long n, K, L;

struct Matrix
{
  long long A[4][4];
  int R, C;
  Matrix operator*(Matrix b);
};

Matrix Matrix::operator*(Matrix b)
{
  Matrix c;
  memset(c.A,0,sizeof(c.A));
  int i,j,k;
  for(i=1; i<=R; i++)
    for(j=1; j<=b.C; j++)
      for(k=1; k<=C; k++)
        c.A[i][j]=((A[i][k]*b.A[k][j])%mod+c.A[i][j])%mod;
  c.R=R; c.C=b.C;
  return c;
}

Matrix X, Y, Z;

long long init(long long a, long long b, long long c)
{
  b = b % mod;
  c = c % mod;
  
  memset(X.A,0,sizeof X.A);
  memset(Y.A,0,sizeof Y.A);
  memset(Z.A,0,sizeof Z.A);

  Z.A[1][1] = 1;
  Z.A[1][2] = b;
  Z.R = 1; Z.C = 2;
  
  for(int i=1;i<=2;i++) Y.A[i][i]=1;
  Y.R = 2; Y.C = 2;
  
  X.A[1][1] = 0; X.A[1][2] = c;
  X.A[2][1] = 1; X.A[2][2] = b;
  X.R = 2; X.C = 2;
  
  while (a)
  {
    if (a % 2 == 1) Y = Y*X;
    a = a >> 1;
    X = X*X;
  }
  Z = Z*Y;
  
  return Z.A[1][1];
}

int main() {
  cin >> n >> K >> L;
  n /= 5;
  printf("%06lld\n", init(n, K, L));
  return 0;
}

$dp[i]$表示修補到$i$個洞為止的最小花費。

感覺這題可以加強一下，因為輪子是一個環，再加上一個列舉起點也不算過分吧...

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int maxn = 2000;
int n;
int a[maxn];
int dp[maxn];
int t1, t2;
int C;

int main() {
  scanf("%d%d%d%d", &n, &C, &t1, &t2);
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    scanf("%d", &a[i]);
  }
  sort(a + 1, a + 1 + n);
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + min(t1, t2);
    int pos1 = -1, pos2 = -1;
    for(int j = i - 1; j >= 1; j --) {
      if(a[i] - a[j] <= t1) pos1 = j;
      if(a[i] - a[j] <= t2) pos2 = j;
    }
    if(pos1 != -1) {
      dp[i] = min(dp[i], dp[pos1 - 1] + t1);
    }
    if(pos2 != -1) {
      dp[i] = min(dp[i], dp[pos2 - 1] + t2);
    }
  }
  printf("%d\n", dp[n]);
  return 0;
}

/*
 5 20 2 3
 2 5 8 11 15
 
 4 20 12 9
 1 2 3 13
 */

先求出最大生成樹，這個時候把必要的長度最長的邊都保留下來了。

對於每一次的詢問，就是求兩點的路徑上的最小權值，可以倍增處理。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int maxn = 2e5 + 10;
int n, m, Q;
struct Edge {
  int u, v, w;
}e[maxn];

int belong[maxn];

int h[maxn], to[maxn], cost[maxn], nx[maxn], cnt;
int f[maxn], dep[maxn], too[maxn][35], mn[maxn][35], idx[maxn][35];

void add(int u, int v, int c) {
  to[cnt] = v;
  nx[cnt] = h[u];
  cost[cnt] = c;
  h[u] = cnt ++;
}

int Find(int x) {
  if(x != belong[x]) return belong[x] = Find(belong[x]);
  return belong[x];
}

bool cmp(const Edge &a, const Edge &b) {
  return a.w > b.w;
}

void dfs(int fa,int x,int y,int eid)
{
  f[x]=fa; dep[x]=y;
  if(x==1)
  {
    too[x][0] = -1;
    mn[x][0] = 1e6;
  }
  else
  {
    too[x][0] = fa;
    mn[x][0] = cost[eid];
  }
  
  for(int j=1;j<=30;j++)
  {
    if((1<<j) > dep[x]-1) {
      too[x][j] = -1;
      mn[x][j] = 1e6;
    } else {
      too[x][j] = too[too[x][j-1]][j-1];
      mn[x][j] = min(mn[x][j-1], mn[too[x][j-1]][j-1]);
    }
  }
  
  for(int i = h[x]; i != -1; i = nx[i])
  {
    int v = to[i];
    if(v == fa) continue;
    if(f[v] != 0) continue;
    dfs(x, v, y + 1, i);
  }
}

int F(int a,int b)
{
  if(dep[a]<dep[b]) swap(a,b);
  
  int MN=1e6;
  if(dep[a]!=dep[b])
  {
    while(1)
    {
      int L=0,R=30,pos;
      while(L<=R)
      {
        int mid=(L+R)/2;
        if(too[a][mid]!=-1&&dep[too[a][mid]]>=dep[b]) L=mid+1,pos=mid;
        else R=mid-1;
      }
      
      if(mn[a][pos]<=MN) MN=mn[a][pos];
      
      a=too[a][pos];
      if(dep[a]==dep[b]) break;
    }
  }
  
  if(a==b) return MN;
  
  while(1)
  {
    if(f[a]==f[b])
    {
      if(mn[a][0]<=MN) MN=mn[a][0];
      if(mn[b][0]<=MN) MN=mn[b][0];
      break;
    }
    
    int L=0,R=30,pos;
    while(L<=R)
    {
      int mid=(L+R)/2;
      if(too[a][mid]!=too[b][mid]) L=mid+1,pos=mid;
      else R=mid-1;
    }
    
    if(mn[a][pos]<=MN) MN=mn[a][pos];
    if(mn[b][pos]<=MN) MN=mn[b][pos];
    
    a=too[a][pos];
    b=too[b][pos];
  }
  
  return MN;
}

int main() {
  scanf("%d%d%d", &n, &m, &Q);
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    belong[i] = i;
    h[i] = -1;
  }
  for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++) {
    scanf("%d%d%d", &e[i].u, &e[i].v, &e[i].w);
  }
  sort(e + 1, e + 1 + m, cmp);
  
  for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++) {
    int fa = Find(e[i].u);
    int fb = Find(e[i].v);
    if(fa == fb) continue;
    belong[fa] = fb;
  //  printf("debug %d %d %d\n", e[i].u, e[i].v, e[i].w);
    add(e[i].u, e[i].v, e[i].w);
    add(e[i].v, e[i].u, e[i].w);
  }

  dfs(-1, 1, 1, -1);
  
  while(Q --) {
    int x, y;
    scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
    printf("%d\n", F(x, y));
  }
  
  return 0;
}


/*
 4 5 4
 1 2 9
 1 3 0
 2 3 8
 2 4 7
 3 4 4
 1 4
 2 1
 3 1
 4 3
 
 4 5 2
 1 2 30
 2 3 20
 3 4 10
 4 1 40
 2 4 50
 1 3
 1 2
 
 */